Sentence examples for mutations and synonymous from inspiring English sources

Intronic mutations and synonymous SNPs can affect splicing resulting in disease by inappropriate expression of an isoform [ 7- 9].

Mean πA for genic deletion alleles, nonsynonymous mutations, and synonymous mutations at 20% allele frequency are 0.0031, 0.0047, and 0.0055, respectively.

The ratio of interspecies nonsense mutations to intraspecies nonsense mutations is 2.3, while the ratios of missense mutations and synonymous variations were 1.4 and 1.6, respectively.

So far we analyzed limited sets of de novo mutations and synonymous variations associated with schizophrenia extracted from three previous studies [ 102- 104].

By dividing by the grand mean πA for all synonymous mutations, mean πA for alleles at 20% frequency can be converted to average coalescent times expressed in 2 Ne generations of 0.36, 0.54, and 0.63 for genic deletion alleles, nonsynonymous mutations, and synonymous mutations, respectively (supplementary fig. S6, Supplementary Material online).

As expected, none of the sites were found to be under positive selection in Group 1, whereas both PSS and chicken ABS (sites predicted to be involved in antigen recognition) were positively selected in Group 2. The rates of non-synonymous mutations (dN) and synonymous mutations (dS) were computed using Nei-Gojobari method and Jukes-Cantor correction.

Thirty single nucleotide changes were observed in HPV-52 E6–E7 sequences with 19/30 non-synonymous mutations and 11/30 synonymous mutations (five in the alpha helix and five in the beta sheet).

After we aligned human and chimpanzee sequences, we found 40 non-synonymous mutations and 21 synonymous mutations.

The average overall mutation rate was 1.5/Mb with a total of 398 non-synonymous mutations and 118 synonymous mutations detected among the 10 samples (Additional file 1: Table S4).

Determination of ratios of nonsynonymous mutation rates and synonymous mutation rates (dN/dS) to normalize for variable evolutionary distances revealed that the exon sequences from the various CEACAMs are under different selective pressure.

The enrichment analysis examines whether a given pathway shows statistically significant differences between non-synonymous mutation group and synonymous mutation group while the greedy search identifies the pathway group from the top enriched pathways that achieves a Maximal Coverage Rate (MCR) in a sufficient number of tumor samples.