Sentence examples for mutation models with from inspiring English sources

The methods used in this study cover a wide range of mutation models with different complexities.

For these tests, we used the stepwise mutation models with the program Arlequin version 3.11 (Excoffier et al. 2005).

Using these methods, distributions of STR lengths from actual genomes are fitted to length distributions produced by mutation models with specified parameters (e.g., mutation rate).

In the appendix, we show how our method can be adapted to use mutation models with arbitrary length-dependent increment and decrement rates and for models in which multiple repeat units can sometimes be added or removed.

The analyses in the previous section can be extended to single-step mutation models (with finite number of states) where the probability of increment and decrement mutations can both have an arbitrary dependence on the number of repeats in the sequence.

As to the mutation rate, we used a finite site mutation model with a per generation per site mutation rate, gamma distributed with a mean of ∼2.5×10−8 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.47×10−8 to 4.03×10−8.

This mutation rate was calibrated in BEAST against 90 pinniped sequences: 32 modern northern fur seals, 30 Stellar sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) and 28 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) assuming a 8.2+/−2.1 mya divergence time between sea lions and northern fur seals [49] and an HKY+I+G mutation model with a strict clock for 20 million steps [47].

By visually inspecting all the models, the mutation model with the lowest energy was selected.

We used a Jukes-Cantor mutation model with a mutation rate of 10-5 per site and per generation.

The JC69 mutation model, with constant rate among loci, is used both to simulate and to analyze the data.

Mutation occurs before union of gametes according to a stepwise mutation model with mutation rate μ = 5 × 10−4 (Balloux and Lugon-Moulin 2002).