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Equivalent mutants are usually seen as an inconvenience and they reduce the applicability of mutation analysis.

Design and selection of mutants are usually driven by tailored spectroscopic properties, but some key aspects of stability, folding and dynamics of selected GFP variants still need to be elucidated.

Nevertheless, rpoH mutants are usually impaired in their stress tolerance phenotype, as is the case for S. meliloti and R. etli.

The arising mutants are usually assumed to be single-step mutants because of the short period of time during which they arise, although the probability of this being the case for a given experiment can be explicitly estimated.

The virulent mutants are usually assumed to bear a fitness cost over avirulent genotypes on the hosts devoid of the matching resistance genes, although stable polymorphism can exist in the absence of such a cost (Leonard 1994; Tellier and Brown 2011).

Similar(53)

Taking into account that the availability of free replication space is necessary for the spread of the mutant virus, the kinetics of emerging drug-resistant mutants is usually slow.

The cytosolic 518-Ynd1 mutant was usually expressed at lower levels than the other mutants (Fig. 4), but transduced the E4orf4 toxic signal at least as well as these mutants, if not better (Fig. 2).

This representation is also more well-suited for predicting mutagenesis, where the all-atom structure of the resulting mutant is usually not known.

The 3909/3909N and 14152/14152N strains were used both in parallel for nearly all the experiments conducted, although in the interest of space only one of the two mutant is usually presented in the figures of this study.

However, primary culture techniques are cumbersome and, despite recent progress [8], airway cells of rare mutants, which are usually available only through bronchial brushes, will probably not provide enough material for HT assays.

Mutant studies are usually done in reference to alanine, which can be regarded as a deletion of a side-chain.

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