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Exact(6)
One of the reasons for the absence of convergence may be that each of the patterns that has evolved is so effective that there is not much selective pressure for an even stronger signal, Dr. Joron said.
Entire guilds of less common plants may track coevolutionary races instead of driving them because they are too rare to exert much selective pressure on the pollinators.
They both enter and exit immune hosts in the presence of antibody [3], and moreover show little antigenic variation in so doing [4], suggesting that antibody even fails to impose much selective pressure.
If the number of genes increases too much, selective pressure to maintain individual genes decreases, and genes are lost by mutation and drift.
Given the massive overkill that most venoms generate, it is likely that a substantial contribution would be required to generate much selective pressure.
The gray pawn hypothesis suggests that if the number of functional genes in a family drops too much, selective pressure increases to gain new genes by duplication and divergence, and gene number increases by selective retention of new duplicates.
Similar(54)
Unlike disease or other functional variants, PGx variants have undergone much less selective pressure as the corresponding evolutionary environment--modern medicine--is relatively recent.
SFPs occurring in pseudogenes, transposons and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) appear to be under much reduced selective pressure and, in some accessions, can accumulate to rates as high as one SFP every 400 bp.
Even though we might expect HBD to be subject to much lower selective pressure than HBB, in a previous study analyzing a small number of African individuals HBD was found to have lower diversity levels than HBB Websterr et al. 2003).
As mentioned in the revised manuscript, we specifically chose to use primary tumor cultures of low passage rather than tumor cell lines, because the latter have been subject to much more selective pressure as primary tumor cultures of low passage.
Should that be the case, we are justified to conclude that very weak selection would suffice to explain the stationary distribution of family sizes, but much stronger selective pressure is needed to account for the dynamics of genome evolution.
Related(13)
substantial selective pressure
tremendous selective pressure
considerable selective pressure
enormous selective pressure
increasing selective pressure
much external pressure
much selective memory
much environmental pressure
much selective value
much international pressure
much selective history
much selective advantage
much selective breeding
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