Sentence examples for molecular patterns like from inspiring English sources

This phenomenon may not be limited to LAM in that many pathogen-associated molecular patterns like LAM are amphiphilic in nature and may also be associated with host lipid carriers.

Following cell necrosis, the release of intracellular damage-associated molecular patterns, like high-mobility group-box protein-1 or DNA fragments, induces a sterile inflammation mediated through interleukin- (IL) 1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), amongst others1.

These results suggest that secretions-differentiated macrophages may become more sensitive to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, like LPS and LTA.

The 13 TLRs recognise their unique pathogen-associated molecular patterns like bacterial lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), DNA (TLR9) or flagellin (TLR5) (Takeda et al, 2003; Akira and Takeda, 2004).

Immune system homeostasis is challenged by continuous external insults, such as saturated fatty acid rich diets (8), pathogen-associated molecular patterns like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (9), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (10), burden of infection (11), and oxidative stress (12).

These glial cells play an important role in innate immunity and express a family of receptors, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a first line of defense responsible for recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns like fibrillar Aβ.

For example, pathogens trigger the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines via the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) like LPS, lipopeptides or bacterial DNA [8].

The recognition of A. fumigatus constituents by innate immunity and subsequent signaling is related to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which include C-type lectin and toll-like receptor (TLR) families that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like fungal wall components [ 111, 112].

Inflammatory cytokines like TNFα and IL-1β [ 33, 34], several danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) like ATP released by mitochondria of damaged cells [ 35], HMGB1 [ 36] and S100A proteins [ 37].

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern-recognition receptors which affect gene transcription in response to a pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP) like bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [2], [3].

The innate immune system is based on the ability to recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), like flaggelin, CpG DNA, double stranded RNA and bacterial cell wall constituents.