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Such approaches [13] may involve "retargeting" via modification of known compounds, or simply "repurposing" known compounds to new applications when target profiles are suitable.
Such enzymes may be discovered by screening microorganisms sampled from diverse environments or developed by modification of known enzymes using modern methods of protein engineering or molecular evolution.
Novel heterocyclic ring-substituted pyrimidines have been designed as inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) from the modification of known inhibitors.
This new series of compounds was structurally planned by modification of known thrombin inhibitors based on the use of acylhydrazone subunit, as a nonpeptide scaffold, and variations at P1 moiety.
To this aim, one established chemical route is the modification of known inorganic materials, in most cases oxides, via substitution or insertion of cations different from the original makeup.
This work provides new insight into structural modification of known small-molecule BoNTAe inhibitors.
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This involved reverse engineering, figuring out how to fold an object by exploring completed objects, and/or exploratory modifications of known origami objects (see Fig. 5d).
However, with the identification of three nontrivial modifications of known chemotypes having mGluR5 PAM activity (EC50 > 2.5 μM), scaffold hopping appears to be possible using this method.
Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production as well as activity of released myeloperoxidase were determined photometrically using modifications of known methods validated in our institute for this purpose (for further details see Krumholz et al. 1995, 1993; Mühling et al. 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2002).
Although the histone PTMs are conserved structures in all eukaryotes, we can not exclude a priori other modifications or new combinations of known modifications in fungi.
For example, Figure 1B illustrates H3K9me2 (second panel), a modification located downstream of known H3 cleavage sites.
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