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The velocities were measured in the minimum normal stress direction (in horizontal plane).

Specific features of this study is a selection of the observation technique which allows velocity measuring along minimum normal stress direction.

Once the fracture has been rematched, and to ensure this state throughout the test, a minimum normal stress, termed pre-load stress, is applied continuously to the sample.

The maximum normal stress is related to the minimum normal stress sigma^{prime}_{1} = 2S_{o} left( {frac{cos phi }{1 - sin phi }} right) + sigma_{3} left( {frac{1 + sin phi }{1 - sin phi }} right) (44).

At that the tensile fracture is oriented perpendicularly to the minimum normal stress axis σ3 (α S  = 0o) and shear rupture is oriented by angles between 0° and 45° to σ1 (the compression is regarded as positive and σ1 > σ2 > σ3).

Similar(55)

For the same indenter size, the minimum normal contact stress appears at the center of indenter (namely, at x = 0 nm) and increases from the center to both sides of indenter.

The minimum value of the first normal stress difference (N1min) and the shear rate to achieve N1min (˙γmin) were observed to be closely correlated with temperature, concentration and molecular weight.

σ1′ = maximum effective stress, σ3′ = minimum effective stress, σ′ = normal stress, φ = friction angle, C = cohesion, τ = shear stress, α = fracture angle.

Furthermore, the axial normal stress shows a minimum at a radial position of 0.8 of the column radius which has not been reported before.

Also, decide on the minimum wall thickness, number of bolts, allowable normal stress of the stainless material, and allowable normal stress of the bolt material.

In normal stress reactions, cortisol acts to shut down the production of stress hormones, including cortisol itself.

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