These results present direct visual evidence of SEA-mediated clustering of MHC class II molecules on treated antigen presenting cells, and provide a new structural approach to addressing problems of this nature.
Taken toghether, these results demonstrate that the antibody-mediated clustering of PSMA at the LNCaP cells surface activates signalling pathways able to directly or indirectly control the LNCaP cells growth.
In this study, we showed that avicin D-mediated clustering of lipid rafts and activation of Fas took place as early as 2 4 hrs after the treatment (Figure 3).
We suggest that the initial molecular events involved in these effects consist of CEA/CEACAM6-mediated clustering of membrane microdomains that specifically contain these adhesion molecules, integrin α5β1, and a limited repertoire of cytoplasmic signaling elements, including ILK, PI3K and AKT.
The interaction of TG2 with integrins and TG2-mediated clustering of integrin potentiates outside-in signaling.
Alternatively, antigen-mediated clustering of CARs may allow phosphorylation of the TCR complex by src kinases.
Prineas and colleagues [ 1, 45] detected deposits of activated complement (C3d) in elongated microglial nodules in MS PPWM, which suggests complement-mediated clustering of activated microglia/macrophages.
This integrin signaling construct is unable to bind integrin ligands, but it is capable of signaling due to TorsoD-mediated clustering of the βPS cytoplasmic domain.
