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Other studies have shown that BTX-A interferes with other neurotransmitters and pain modulators such as substance P that mediated by cleavage of the intracellular effector SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein), bradykinin, and glutamate [17, 18].
Previous work has shown that BoNTs block glutamate release from motor neurons and hippocampal neurons [3]; these effects are also mediated by cleavage of SNARE proteins [46].
IL-1β-induced type I collagen degradation (Fig. 1D) by the RCC cells, suggesting that IL-1β-induced cell invasion is mediated by cleavage of the collagen substrate.
This is mediated by cleavage of PKC δ by caspase-3 to generate the constitutively active PKC δ-CF fragment, which can interact with and phosphorylate p73 at serine 289.
Additionally, cleavage of caspase-3 was also confirmed in response to thioridazine in HeLa and HEC-1-A, indicating that caspase-3 activation was mediated by cleavage of caspase-3 (Fig. 1d).
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Destruction of the ECM is mediated by enzymatic cleavage by different proteases, though predominantly by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
NSUN2 mutations in humans are linked to inherited intellectual disability and this is thought to be mediated by increased cleavage of tRNAs by the ribonuclease angiogenin [ 18– 22].
Considering the fact that our experimental analysis was based on mRNA expression data, only knock-down effects mediated by target cleavage are directly visible.
We find that autophagosome synthesis is inhibited after caspase activation, and this appears to be predominantly mediated by caspase cleavage of Beclin 1.
Depending on cell type, TGF-β activation is mediated by proteolytic cleavage or by the proteolytic-independent interaction of LAP with integrins or the matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 (reviewed in [ Murphy-Ullrich and Poczatek, 2000; Wipff and Hinz, 2008)].
The strong down-regulation of norisoprenoids in ripe RHB fruits treated with abamine SG, a carotenoid dioxygenase inhibitor applied at late steps of fruit development, confirmed the hypothesis that their production is mediated by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases.
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activated by cleavage
mediated by polarization
mediated by gap
regulated by cleavage
initiated by cleavage
generated by cleavage
mediated by search
mediated by endocytosis
mediated by television
mediated by someone
mediated by disaster
mediated by territoriality
mediated by glucose
mediated by phosphorylation
mediated by plasmodesmata
mediated by language
mediated by student
mediated by paper
mediated by technology
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