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Similar to the results in Figure 1, micronucleus formation in bystander AG1522 cells cocultured with irradiated HeLa parental cells for 24 h but not 6 h was increased (P<0.01); the knockdown of COX-2 prevented this increase, suggesting that irradiation induces a COX-2-mediated pathway leading to the component of bystander toxicity that is not mediated by gap junctions.
A major form of cell cell communication is mediated by gap junctions, aggregations of intercellular channels composed of connexins (Cxs), which are responsible for exchange of low molecular weight (<1200 Da) cytosolic materials.
Thus it appears that intercellular communication, both within the NPE layer and between the PE and NPE cell layers, is mediated by gap junction channels that have distinctive permeability properties.
This work has provided new evidence for the feasibility of cataract prevention via homeostasis regulation mediated by gap junction channels in animal models.
The existence of electrical synapses mediated by gap junctions in these circuits suggests an important role for electrical coupling in the rod light processing pathways in the retina [2], [3].
We also showed that synchronization of ATP oscillations is mediated by gap junctions.
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As EEA1 was shown to be excluded from Mtb and BCG phagosomes by a mechanism dependent on mycobacterial lipid phosphatase SapM [22], we examined an alternate mechanism mediated by mycobacterial GAP activity towards Rab5 GTPase.
In addition to these biomicromolecules, the propagation of intercellular apoptotic or survival events in monolayer cells mediated by the gap junction channel were also studied through OMI [ 115].
Characterization of innexin mutants showed that there are at least two functions mediated by soma germline gap junctions: an early distal arm function is required for germ cell proliferation and differentiation and a later proximal arm function in the negative regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation in the absence of sperm.
It follows that H2O2 generated by the oxidation of AA and BH4 can amplify NO-independent arterial relaxations mediated by the spread of endothelial hyperpolarization via gap junctions.
This could be mediated by always performing gapped local alignment similar to that implemented within BFAST.
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