Sentence examples for mechanisms include physical from inspiring English sources

These protective mechanisms include physical barriers dependent on the architecture of epithelia, processes such as desquamation to shed outer layers of the epithelium and any microbes that may have penetrated the outer layer, protective secretions that are hostile to microbes and commensal organisms that occupy environmental niches and deny space for pathogenic species.

Postulated mechanisms include physical inactivity or excessive intake of dietary fat [ 23, 24].

Whilst the best described of these mechanisms is DNA methylation, other epigenetic mechanisms include physical and chemical changes to chromatin and regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs).

Biosorption mechanisms include physical sorption by virtue of Van der Waals forces or by ion exchange electrostatic interactions, chemical sorption by chelation or complexation, and microprecipitation.

As explained below, these mechanisms include physical interactions among transcriptional regulators, cooperative control of developmental pathways, and the modulation of expression and protein turnover of elements within the transcriptional cascade.

How this water loss might stimulate afferent cough pathways is not known but possible mechanisms include physical distortion of afferent nerve endings [ 53] and changes in the ionic composition of airway surface liquid [ 54].

These polymers consist of a wide range of chemistries and can be formed through a variety of mechanisms, including physical and chemical gelation.

Patients who have a history of mast cell activation symptoms without skin lesions but who do not fully meet diagnostic criteria for systemic mastocytosis are classified as having mast cell activation syndrome [ 9, 17] Stimulation of mediator release occurs by either IgE- or non-IgE-mediated mechanisms, including physical stimuli and drugs.

The innate immune system provides this kind of nonspecific protection through a number of defense mechanisms, which include physical barriers such as the skin, chemical barriers such as antimicrobial proteins that harm or destroy invaders, and cells that attack foreign cells and body cells harbouring infectious agents.

Mechanisms of the sorption include physical adsorption, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and acidic basic interaction.

The mechanisms are either inherent constitutive defenses, which include physical barriers such as cell wall and cuticle, or induced defense mechanisms in response to insect attacks [ 3].