These methods included physical, chemical and biological methods (Shaban et al. 2017c; Robinson et al. 2001).
These biomarkers may be detectable and measurable by a variety of methods including physical examination, laboratory assays, and medical imaging.
We also introduce the preparative methods including physical adsorption, covalent binding and self-assembly on the MSNs' surfaces.
Various surface modification methods including physical and chemical approaches have been used to create micro- and nanostructures onto the Ti implant surfaces.
Many methods including physical and chemical methods, such as chemical precipitation [1], filter media [2], biosorption [3], flocculation [4] and ion exchange [5], have been used to solve this problem by removing heavy metals from wastewater.
Toward this end, much effort has been exerted to develop strategies for immobilizing enzymes that remain functional and stable on nanomaterial surfaces; various methods including, physical and/or chemical attachment, entrapment, and crosslinking, have been employed [86, 88, 89].
To obtain 1D ZnO materials, there are several methods including physical vapor phase growth that required high temperature and chemical approaches working at low temperature, in which hydrothermal synthesis is a good chemical approach for the synthesis of ZnO nanowire arrays (NWs) by fabricating ZnO seeds with the morphology of thin films or nanoparticles on substrates firstly[15, 16].
Biomarkers are detectable and measurable by a variety of methods including physical examination, laboratory assays and medical imaging.
They are detectable by using a variety of methods, including physical examination, laboratory assays, and imaging and can be used as indicators of pharmacologic responses to therapeutic interventions.
As current methods, including physical examination and radiologic imaging, lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity, 4, 5 elective neck dissection (END) has been the gold standard for assessing the presence or absence of lymphatic disease in patients without overt clinical or radiographic nodal metastases (cN0) undergoing surgical management of HNSCC.
