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Exact(9)
In such cases, effects attributed to the repeat or to specific SNPs may reflect confounding by admixture linkage disequilibrium.
However this may reflect confounding by treatment indication rather than a true drug effect.
Two studies reported that testing rates were higher among men who had seen the campaigns compared to men who had not, but this may reflect confounding.
A stronger association with age at the third birth among women with more than three births may reflect confounding by time since the third birth.
In this paper we set out to directly explore whether London/rest-of-England inequalities in cancer patient experience may reflect confounding by sociodemographic or cancer diagnosis case-mix and/or hospital type.
They may reflect confounding by other covariates not shown in the public dataset, which may be correlated with the external dose used here (and in LSS12) and may also interact with radiation and may vary over time.
Similar(51)
In addition, the association between ESRD and reduced risk of prostate cancer among apparently unscreened men may partly reflect confounding due to unmeasured screening that we did not capture.
This association may very well reflect confounding by other unmeasured factors [ 55].
The excess of bladder and kidney cancers in our study may also reflect confounding by smoking; however, the data on the number of hospital admissions and on temporal trends for kidney and lung cancers suggest that non-smoking-related factors contribute to kidney cancer, particularly towards the end of the study period.
Similarly, we cannot exclude the possibility that our associations may reflect residual confounding despite our best attempts to adjust for potential confounders.
Significant variation in the incidence of sepsis has been reported according to ethnicity [70], which may reflect residual confounding or plausible biologic differences in susceptibility.
Related(14)
may represent confounding
may reflect mixing
may reflect complicated
may reflect ambiguity
may reflect complex
may experience confounding
may be confounding
may seem confounding
may sound confounding
may have confounding
may cause confounding
may introduce confounding
may reduce confounding
may reflect confusion
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