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Ion implantation is an advanced technique that has been widely applied in material surface modification for nearly 30 years.
Nanotechnology and material surface modification have provided a functional platform for the advancement of several medical fields such as dermatology.
Material surface modification, particularly the deposition of special coatings on the surface of surgical implants, is extensively used in bone tissue engineering applications.
Wire alloy, bracket material, surface modification, and roughness have been investigated[2, 12, 18 27], revealing that as the angle between the bracket and the archwire increases, the clearance between the archwire and the bracket slot is reduced.
The field of material surface modification with the aim of biomaterial construction involves several approaches of treatments that allow the preparation of materials, which positively influence adhesion of cells and their proliferation and thus aid and improve tissue formation.
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Homogeneous microwave plasmas have been produced and used for material surface modifications.
Vipertex™ has designed and produced these surfaces through three dimensional material surface modifications which produces flow optimized, enhanced heat transfer tubes that increase heat transfer.
Material surface modifications can be performed in different ways in order to limit the establishment of microorganisms on the surface, to slow down their growth and thus to delay the biofilm formation (Roe et al. 2008).
Enhanced heat transfer surfaces can be produced through material surface modifications that result in: an increase in fluid turbulence, generation of secondary fluid flow patterns, disruption of the thermal boundary layer and additional heat transfer surface area.
The inner surface of the helically dimpled tube has been designed and reshaped through three-dimensional material surface modifications consists of both shallow and deep protrusions which are placed evenly in helical directions on the tube wall.
Vipertex™ 1EHT enhanced surfaces have been designed and produced through material surface modifications in order to create flow optimized heat transfer tubes which increase heat transfer with only a modest increase in the friction factor.
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