Sentence examples for maintained in bacterial from inspiring English sources

While it's technically possible for large insert sequences (from 300 1200 kb) to be maintained in bacterial hosts [9] [11] increased vector size leads to reduced transformation efficiency, increased metabolic burden (for the host), reduced copy number, and reduced ligation efficiencies [9], [12], [13].

Genes that are differentially maintained in bacterial subpopulations are likely to reveal differential selective pressures acting on these subpopulations [ 20].

We conclude that these two factors condition the way genetic diversity is created and maintained in bacterial populations during the process of adaptation.

If cooperation is costly, how can it arise and be maintained in bacterial populations enduring migration and gene deletions resulting in new cheaters?

A mechanism by which apparently inactive, non-functional IS elements can be maintained in bacterial genomes is gene conversion, which was described recently for the genome of Wolbachia wBm, a mutualistic symbiont of the nematode Brugia malayi whose genome contains a number of highly similar IS element copies rendered non-functional by multiple stop codons and frame shifts [ 64, 65].

How chromosome number is manipulated and maintained in nondividing bacterial cells is not fully understood.

Over evolutionary time scales, ISs can only be maintained in a bacterial population if the acquisition and establishment of mobile elements can outrun their elimination.

It is assumed that bacterial strains maintained in the laboratory for long time shape their genome in a different fashion from the nature-circulating strains.

Previous research has suggested that there may be selection for the smallest possible proteins that are still able to maintain function in bacterial cells, as smaller proteins would be less metabolically expensive (i.e., Wang et al. 2011).

The bacterial isolates were maintained in 40% glycerol at −80 °C.

The bacterial cultures were maintained in 40% glycerol at −80 °C.