included

USAGE SUMMARY

'included' is a correct and usable word in written English.
You can use it as an adjective which means "formed as part of a whole", or as a verb which means "to be part of a set of things". Example sentence: The cost of the package includes free shipping.

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Formal & Business

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

Myself included.

The New York Times

The techniques inflicted on the detainees included hooding suspects, putting them into stress positions, sleep deprivation, food and water deprivation and the use of white noise.

The Guardian

The steps included increasing the broader retirement age to 65 and cutting public salaries to bring the deficit down from the current 13.6 percent of G.D.P. to less than 3 percent in 2014.

The New York Times

Intent on offering his condolences and meeting Abdullah's successor in person, Obama led an exceptionally high-powered delegation to Riyadh that included former secretaries of state, past presidential candidates and senior military commanders.

The Guardian

The flight's crew included four air stewards and the captain, Patrick Sonderheimer, whose attempts to enter the cockpit by hammering on the door and appealing to Lubitz to "open the damned door" were heard on the cockpit voice recorder.

The Guardian

Coursework has included students making their own children's books and studying birds for conservationists the Audubon Society.

The Guardian

Two sons of the former Labor powerbroker Eddie Obeid are being investigated by the federal competition watchdog over alleged "cartel conduct" in securing a coal exploration licence over an area that included the Obeid family's farm.

The Guardian

But while rural dwellers in particular chafe at restrictions and heavy-handed enforcement – which has included forced abortions – many in cities are used to the policy and seem largely indifferent, or like the idea of increasing their families but worry about the financial impact.

The Guardian

Moscow has pushed to have pro-Russia rebels included in national unity talks, but Ukrainian leaders say they will not negotiate with "terrorists".

The Guardian

Mawle employed three keepers whose work included controlling predators (foxes, stoats, crows) by legal means to ensure a healthy wild grouse population.

The Guardian

The vote offered to "alter the constitution to establish the Commonwealth of Australia as a republic with the Queen and governor general being replaced by a president appointed by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Commonwealth parliament", and also included a second question about inserting a preamble in the constitution.

The Guardian

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "included", ensure that the context clearly indicates what is being included and what it is being included in. For example, specify "The price included accommodation and meals".

Common error

Avoid using "include" when you actually mean "comprise". "Include" implies a partial listing, while "comprise" suggests a complete composition. For example, it's more precise to say "The team comprises five members" rather than "includes" if there are only five members total.

Linguistic Context

The primary grammatical function of "included" is as the past participle of the verb 'include'. It is often used to indicate that something is part of a group or list. As Ludwig AI suggests, it can be used as an adjective or as a verb.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

66%

Formal & Business

17%

Science

17%

Less common in

Academia

0%

Encyclopedias

0%

Wiki

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The term "included" functions primarily as the past participle of the verb 'include', indicating membership or containment within a group or set. As Ludwig AI explains, it can also function adjectivally. It sees common usage across diverse contexts, but is particularly frequent in news and media. Its neutral register makes it appropriate for both formal and informal communication. Remember to use "included" when specifying that something is a part of something else, and be mindful of potential confusion with "comprised of". When in doubt, consider the alternative formulations and examples offered by Ludwig to ensure clarity and precision in your writing.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

incorporated

Emphasizes the integration or combination of elements into a unified structure.

was part of

Indicates a relationship of belonging or membership within a larger set or system.

integrated

Implies a seamless combination or blending of elements into a cohesive unit.

comprised

Focuses on the elements that make up a whole, rather than the act of adding or incorporating.

was composed of

Highlights the elements or ingredients that constitute a particular substance or entity.

consisted of

Specifies the components or elements that form a particular entity or group.

encompassed

Suggests a wider scope or coverage, implying a comprehensive inclusion.

featured

Highlights the presence or prominence of something as part of a larger context.

accounted for

Focuses on the proportion or quantity that something represents within a total amount.

taken into consideration

Emphasizes the act of acknowledging and factoring something into a decision or analysis.

FAQs

How to use "included" in a sentence?

Use "included" as the past participle of the verb 'include' to show something was part of a group or list. For example, "The tour package "included" hotel and airfare."

What can I say instead of "included"?

You can use alternatives like "comprised", "incorporated", or "featured" depending on the context.

Which is correct, "included" or "including"?

"Included" is the past participle form, while "including" is the present participle or gerund form. Use "included" when something has already been part of a group. Use "including" to introduce items that are part of a group, such as "The set "included" a hammer, "including" also a screwdriver".

What's the difference between "included" and "comprised of"?

"Included" implies something is part of a larger group, but not necessarily all of it. "Comprised of" means the item consists entirely of the things listed. For example, the meal "included" potatoes (along with other items), while the meal was "comprised of" potatoes, meat, and vegetables (and nothing else).