in which include

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "in which include" is not correct in standard written English.
It is typically used incorrectly as it combines two different grammatical structures. Example: "The report contains several sections, in which include the findings and recommendations." (This should be rephrased for correctness.)

⚠ May contain grammatical issues

News & Media

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

10 human-written examples

Results of robustness checks (available upon request) in which include migrants from the rest of Europe and the former SU do not change results substantially.

IZA Journal of Development and Migration

The announcement is also talking up synergies between Ticketland and other online marking companies iTech Capital has invested in, which include SeoPult, iContext, and Garpun.

TechCrunch

It may sound simple, but building apps that deal with money, shipping physical products across state lines, and allowing for exchanges can be very tricky — especially with the kind of gifts Karma deals in, which include wines and food products.

TechCrunch

2. MATHEMATICS (70 Minutes in which include two 25-minute sections, and one 20-minute section).

Huffington Post

3. WRITING (60 Minutes in which include one 25-Minute essay, one 25-minute section, and one 10-minute section).

Huffington Post

2. MATHEMATICS (80 Minutes in which include one 25-minute section (no calculator) and one 55-Minute section (calculator allowed).

Huffington Post

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

50 human-written examples

Ms. Loesch is handling Benji merchandising and tie-ins, which include a book deal with HarperCollins and talks with a toy company.

The New York Times

A Texas Hold'em poker tournament has a $1,000 buy-in, which includes being seated with a football star.

The New York Times

But the Mets took a 3-1 lead with four hits in the fourth inning, which included doubles by Wright and Jason Bay.

The New York Times - Sports

That was hardly the Dodgers first mistake in the inning, which included Mark Ellis being thrown out trying to stretch a double into a triple.

The New York Times - Sports

He needed 30 pitches for that inning, which included two singles, a double, a walk and a sacrifice fly.

Los Angeles Times

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Avoid using "in which include" in formal writing. Opt for simpler and grammatically correct alternatives such as "which include" or "including".

Common error

Do not combine "in which" with "include" as it creates a redundant structure. The correct usage is either "in which [something is present]" or "which includes".

Linguistic Context

The phrase "in which include" is generally used as part of a relative clause, but it is grammatically incorrect. Ludwig AI indicates that combining "in which" with "include" is not standard English. The correct forms are "which includes" or simply "including".

Expression frequency: Rare

Frequent in

News & Media

33%

Science

33%

Formal & Business

0%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

0%

Wiki

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "in which include" is grammatically incorrect and should be avoided. Ludwig AI confirms this assessment, recommending alternatives like "which include" or "including". Although it appears in various contexts such as news and scientific publications, its incorrect usage negatively impacts clarity and credibility. When constructing relative clauses, prioritize grammatical accuracy by using the recommended alternatives.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

which include

Removes "in" to form a grammatically correct relative clause.

that include

Substitutes "which" with "that" to maintain a restrictive relative clause.

including

Uses a present participle to introduce a list or examples.

which encompasses

Replaces "include" with "encompasses" to suggest a more comprehensive inclusion.

that comprises

Uses "comprises" to indicate that the items listed are the only parts of the whole.

which consist of

Replaces "include" with "consist of" to indicate a fixed set of elements.

that feature

Uses "feature" to highlight specific characteristics.

in which are included

Rephrases the sentence to use a passive voice construction.

which incorporate

Replaces "include" with "incorporate" to suggest integration of elements.

that list

Uses "list" to specifically introduce an enumerated set of items.

FAQs

What is the correct way to use "include" in a relative clause?

The correct way is to use "which include" or "that include", depending on whether the clause is non-restrictive or restrictive, respectively. Alternatively, you can use "including".

Is "in which include" grammatically correct?

No, "in which include" is not grammatically correct. It's a combination of two different grammatical structures that results in redundancy. Use alternatives like "which include" or "including" instead.

What can I say instead of "in which include"?

You can use alternatives like "which include", "that include", or "including" depending on the context.

What's the difference between "in which include" and "which includes"?

"In which include" is grammatically incorrect. "Which includes" is a correct relative clause structure, where "which" refers to a noun and "includes" introduces items contained within that noun.