Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
in conclusion
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "in conclusion" is correct and usable in written English.
It is typically used to signal the end of a discussion or argument, summarizing the main points before closing. Example: "In conclusion, the evidence presented clearly supports the need for immediate action on climate change."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Science
Wiki
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
Fear is what follows in conclusion.
News & Media
Never end with, "in conclusion.
Wiki
Avoid saying "in conclusion" or similar sayings.
Wiki
In conclusion?
News & Media
In conclusion, Gowalla.
News & Media
In conclusion, an inconclusive.
News & Media
"In conclusion," he said.
News & Media
And in conclusion.
News & Media
So yeah, in conclusion, fuck you, haters!
News & Media
In conclusion, on Sunday has been updated.
News & Media
8. Write one sentence in conclusion.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
While "in conclusion" is acceptable, consider using more varied phrasing to avoid repetition, especially in longer documents. Tailor the concluding phrase to the specific context and tone of your writing.
Common error
Avoid starting every concluding paragraph with "in conclusion". Vary your transitions with phrases like "to summarise" or "in summary" to maintain reader engagement.
Linguistic Context
The phrase "in conclusion" functions as a transitional phrase or discourse marker. It explicitly signals the concluding segment of a discussion, argument, or piece of writing. As supported by Ludwig, this phrase is considered correct and usable.
Frequent in
News & Media
42%
Science
37%
Wiki
5%
Less common in
Academia
4%
Formal & Business
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "in conclusion" serves as a straightforward marker to signal the end of a discussion or argument. It's considered grammatically correct and very common. Ludwig confirms the usability of this phrase. While versatile, its frequency suggests exploring alternative closing phrases like "to summarise" or "in summary" to add variety to your writing. It is mostly frequent in News and Media and Scientific fields.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
in summary
Similar to "in conclusion" but can feel slightly less formal.
in closing
Often used in speeches or more formal settings.
to conclude
A more active way of introducing the final thoughts.
to summarise
A more concise way to wrap up a discussion.
all in all
Presents a final assessment based on everything considered.
to summarise briefly
Emphasizes the briefness of the summary.
to recap
Focuses on briefly reviewing the main points.
on the whole
Offers a general overview or comprehensive perspective.
ultimately
Highlights the final, decisive point.
in essence
Captures the core meaning or the most important aspect.
FAQs
How can I use "in conclusion" in a sentence?
"In conclusion" is typically used at the beginning of a sentence to signal the end of a discussion or argument, summarizing the main points. For example, "In conclusion, the evidence suggests further research is needed."
What are some alternatives to "in conclusion"?
You can use alternatives such as "to sum up", "in summary", or "in closing" depending on the context.
Is it grammatically correct to start a sentence with "in conclusion"?
Yes, it is grammatically correct to start a sentence with "in conclusion". It's a common way to introduce the final thoughts or summary of an argument.
What's the difference between "in conclusion" and "to summarise"?
"In conclusion" signals the very end of a piece, whereas "to summarise" can introduce a summary at any point within the text. They both introduce summaries but their context of use differs.
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