in closing

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "in closing" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when you are concluding an essay, presentation, or speech. For example, "In closing, I would like to thank everyone who contributed to the success of this project."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Wiki

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

This includes "in summary" or "in closing".

WikiHow

"Same Old Jets," Ryan said in closing.

The New York Times - Sports

"I plan to walk in closing".

The New York Times

The teams exchanged touchdowns in closing minutes.

The New York Times

One more note in closing here.

The Guardian - Sport

The difficulty in closing the gap is psychological and financial.

The New York Times - Sports

The defense said in closing "Call him a fall guy.

The New Yorker

He succeeded in closing down its for-profit campaign arm.

The New York Times

"Gujaratis are the best tourists," Mr. Modi quipped, in closing.

The New York Times

"Y'all are wonderful," he told the crowd in closing.

The Economist

"Please pray for us," Nancy said in closing.

The New Yorker

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "in closing" to signal the end of your remarks, but avoid overusing it within a single piece of writing or speech. Vary your concluding phrases for better engagement.

Common error

Avoid starting multiple paragraphs or sections with "in closing". Use alternative transition phrases or concluding remarks to maintain reader engagement.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "in closing" functions as a transitional phrase, primarily used to signal the conclusion of a speech, essay, or any form of presentation. As shown in Ludwig's examples, it prepares the audience for the final remarks.

Expression frequency: Common

Frequent in

News & Media

42%

Science

25%

Wiki

8%

Less common in

Formal & Business

8%

Reference

0%

Encyclopedias

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "in closing" is a commonly used transitional phrase that signals the end of a speech, essay, or presentation. According to Ludwig AI, the phrase is grammatically correct and suitable for various contexts, though it may be perceived as slightly less formal than alternatives like "in conclusion". It's frequently found in News & Media and Science, but is less common in highly formal settings. To maintain reader engagement, it is advisable to vary your concluding phrases. Remember that while "in closing" is useful for signaling the end, avoid overuse by choosing one of many alternatives, for example: "to conclude", "in summary" or "finally".

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

In conclusion

A more formal synonym, suitable for academic or professional settings.

To conclude

Focuses on bringing a summary to a reasoned ending.

In summary

Emphasizes a concise recap of main points before ending.

To summarize

Highlights the act of providing a brief account of the main points.

To wrap up

Suggests bringing something to a neat and tidy end.

Finally

Indicates the last point or statement, signaling the imminent end.

On a final note

Introduces a last, often important, point before concluding.

In brief

Signals a short, concise summary or concluding remark.

As a final point

Highlights that the last statement is crucial before ending.

Ultimately

Indicates the final result or consideration, leading to the conclusion.

FAQs

How can I use "in closing" effectively in a speech?

"In closing" works well to signal the end of your speech. For example, "In closing, I want to thank all the volunteers who made this event possible."

What are some alternatives to using "in closing" in an essay?

In essays, you can use phrases such as "to conclude", "in summary", or "ultimately" instead of "in closing" to signal the end of your argument.

Is it appropriate to use "in closing" in formal writing?

Yes, "in closing" is generally acceptable in formal writing, but it might be better to opt for more formal alternatives like "in conclusion" or "to summarize" for a heightened sense of professionalism.

How does "in closing" differ from "in conclusion"?

"In closing" and "in conclusion" are very similar. However, "in closing" can sometimes feel slightly less formal. Choose based on the tone and audience of your writing.