Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
flawed information
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "flawed information" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when referring to information that is incorrect, misleading, or has errors. Example: "The report was based on flawed information, which led to incorrect conclusions."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Science
Formal & Business
Alternative expressions(6)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
30 human-written examples
Medical and other experts say some dispense scientifically flawed information, exaggerating abortion's risks.
News & Media
Mr. Jaczko said the commission was asking Westinghouse not only to fix its calculations but also to explain why it submitted flawed information in the first place.
News & Media
Rather than simply blow everyone's cover, the C.I.A. started channeling flawed information and software into the Soviet infrastructure via that same spy network.
News & Media
Working on the fly, it furiously reconstructs not only what happened but why, inserting motives here, intentions there — based on limited, sometimes flawed information.
News & Media
The memo also alleges that agents later used flawed information provided by Steele to secure a court order to conduct electronic surveillance on Trump campaign adviser Carter Page.
News & Media
NATIONAL An article on July 24 about the Senate debate over extending tax cuts to people in various income brackets cited flawed information from N. Gregory Mankiw, a former Bush White House aide and an adviser to Mitt Romney.
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
30 human-written examples
— The South African study referred to in the post is flawed based on information from eyewitnesses and needs to be reviewed by better "scientists".
News & Media
Of course, if the procedures do turn out to be flawed – and/or confidential information has been passed on in the hope of damaging him – then that is a matter of concern.
News & Media
While both ideas have some appeal, we would argue that the probe sets, although some are flawed, capture real information about sequence variants that existed in the public databanks at the time the probe sets were designed.
Science
Finally, in an audit conducted in the UK, death certificates emerged as a flawed source of information with both over- and underreporting of AN as a cause of death, the latter probably more common [ 19, 57].
Science
In both the "flip-x" and "flip-y" condition, only half of the information is flawed, making it necessary to selectively discard erroneous information, while retaining veridical relationships, which may be a more intensive process.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "flawed information", specify the type of flaw or its impact to provide a clearer understanding of the issue. For example, "flawed information due to biased sampling".
Common error
Avoid exaggerating the consequences of "flawed information" without providing sufficient evidence. Focus on factual inaccuracies and their documented effects, rather than hypothetical outcomes.
Source & Trust
88%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "flawed information" functions primarily as a noun phrase, where "flawed" acts as an adjective modifying the noun "information". It identifies the quality of the information as being imperfect or containing errors. As Ludwig AI states, it is grammatically correct and usable.
Frequent in
News & Media
65%
Science
20%
Formal & Business
10%
Less common in
Academia
5%
Encyclopedias
0%
Wiki
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "flawed information" is a grammatically correct noun phrase used to describe data containing inaccuracies or errors. As Ludwig AI confirms, the phrase is appropriate for use in written English. Its primary function is to criticize the reliability of something like data or intelligence. It appears most frequently in News & Media, as well as Science and Formal & Business contexts. When employing this phrase, be sure to specify the nature of the flaw and avoid overstating its impact without sufficient evidence. Alternatives include "inaccurate data" or "unreliable intelligence", depending on context.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
inaccurate data
Focuses on the lack of precision or correctness in the data itself.
incorrect details
Emphasizes that specific details are wrong or false.
erroneous facts
Highlights the factual errors present in the information.
unreliable intelligence
Suggests the information cannot be trusted due to its source or nature.
faulty data
Similar to "inaccurate data", but may also imply a problem with the data's collection or processing.
misleading intelligence
Indicates the information is designed to deceive or give a false impression.
distorted facts
Implies the facts have been twisted or misrepresented.
corrupted data
Suggests the data has been damaged or altered, leading to inaccuracies.
tainted evidence
Highlights the information has been compromised or contaminated, making it unreliable.
specious information
Indicates the information appears to be true but is actually false or misleading.
FAQs
How can I use "flawed information" in a sentence?
You can use "flawed information" to describe data or details that contain inaccuracies or errors. For instance, "The conclusions were based on "flawed information" and are therefore unreliable."
What are some alternatives to "flawed information"?
Alternatives to "flawed information" include "inaccurate data", "incorrect details", or "unreliable intelligence", depending on the specific context.
Is there a difference between "flawed information" and "incomplete information"?
"Flawed information" refers to details that are incorrect or contain errors, while "incomplete information" means that some relevant details are missing. While both can lead to incorrect conclusions, they differ in the nature of the problem.
What makes information "flawed"?
Information can be "flawed" due to various reasons, such as "biased sampling", "data entry errors", "methodological errors", or "manipulation of data". Any factor that introduces inaccuracies or distortions can render information as "flawed".
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
88%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested