The wing shape shown at smaller sizes is expected to be more energetically costly in terms of flight energetics.
We propose that the advantage is energetic, under the assumption that high learning performance is energetically costly (Mery and Kawecki 2003).
Alternatively, if signal production is energetically costly, natural selection may favor call variations that improve energetic efficiency.
That's energetically costly — and deadly.
The human brain perfectly illustrates just how energetically costly brain tissue is.
Such an event would be against the membrane potential and thus be energetically costly.
He found that cheetahs don't hunt when lions are nearby, or they move away which could be energetically costly.
This allows optimal alignment of interface specificity sites, without producing energetically costly conformational changes, essential for high-affinity binding.
Plants survive this damage through an energetically costly and complicated repair process of degradation, resynthesis, and replacement.
The height of the male's crest will influence the female because it is energetically costly to grow and so indicates his fitness.
The scarcity of food makes fighting energetically costly, so encounters between males usually only involve display.
