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Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) uses pharmaceuticals labeled with radioisotopes which emit particles (β's or α's) to deliver dose directly to tumors, while avoiding irradiating healthy tissues.
A Monte Carlo model has been developed to support the design of the beam line in terms of particle transport efficiency, to optimize the transport parameters at the irradiation point in air and, furthermore, to predict beam parameters in order to deliver dose distributions of clinical relevance.
Owing to the necessity to deliver dose in a precise manner, the use of proton therapy is becoming the treatment of choice for these tumours.
In 3D CRT, based on 3D anatomic information, treatment planning is designed to deliver dose distribution that conforms as closely as possible to the target volume and minimizes the dose to the critical organs.
What sets apart VMAT with RapidArc from earlier irradiation techniques such as helical tomotherapy, IMAT, or IMRT is the opportunity to deliver dose distribution for the entire volume and not only slice by slice.
A consequent development of the IMAT was the volumetric intensity-modulated arc VMAT, which led to the possibility to deliver dose distribution in the target in only one arc.
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At the Koch Center, for example, engineers are using nanoparticles as homing devices to deliver doses of therapies or chemotherapy.
New radiation technologies have been developed and adopted for clinical use in prostate cancer treatment in response to a need to deliver dose-escalated radiation therapy while minimising treatment-related morbidity.
Only one previous study examining carboplatin AUC 2 and paclitaxel 80 mg m−2 reports a comparable rate of neutropenia; however, the authors report a higher incidence of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia, and this study does not deliver dose-dense platinum, indeed the dose intensity of platinum is less than that of conventional therapy (Havrilesky et al, 2003).
Of course, a single CT scan can deliver doses that far exceed these annual averages.
Sequential field delivery TBI techniques which deliver doses with small fields sequentially might cause dose heterogeneity in the circulating blood.
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