Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
consisting of these
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "consisting of these" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to specify the components or elements that make up a particular group or category. Example: "The committee is composed of several members, consisting of these key individuals: the chairperson, the secretary, and the treasurer."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Encyclopedias
Alternative expressions(1)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
The slides (a woman, croquet players, Boston, a room) are photographs copied over and over, the work consisting of these images progressively deteriorating until they become unintelligible.
News & Media
An experimental design consisting of these four variables with five levels each is used.
Science
Thus, the cycle life of electrodes consisting of these quaternary amorphous alloys is greatly improved.
Science
So, the L16 (42 × 23) orthogonal arrays consisting of these parameters were selected for experimental design.
The water uptake and cohesive properties of vaginal tablets consisting of these new conjugates could be significantly (p<0.05) improved.
Tailoring the air content during sputtering yielded not only the single layer but the multilayer consisting of these different coatings.
The blends containing random copolymers consisting of these methacrylate monomer units also showed UCST-type miscibility over all copolymer compositions.
Science
While it might have been silly to include Iran in George W. Bush's "axis of evil" slogan, it makes more sense to talk about an "axis of authoritarianism" consisting of these three major powers.
News & Media
They are in different parts of the city, but that has not discouraged the good politicians of Illinois from creating a constituency consisting of these two areas only.
News & Media
The principality of Liechtenstein, consisting of these two lordships, was founded in 1719 and remained part of the Holy Roman Empire.
Encyclopedias
Based on these data, we simulated the photoluminescence (PL) peak wavelength of (1) In1−xGaxAsyP1−y bulk films and (2) MQWs consisting of these quaternary alloys.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "consisting of these", ensure that the items listed are clearly defined and relevant to the subject being discussed. This will improve clarity and avoid ambiguity.
Common error
Avoid using "consisting of these" when the list of items is not exhaustive. If there are other elements not mentioned, consider using phrases like "including these" or "among these" instead.
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "consisting of these" functions as a modifier, specifically as a participial phrase, providing additional information about a noun or noun phrase. It specifies the elements or components that constitute the subject being described. As Ludwig AI confirms, the phrase is grammatically sound and commonly used.
Frequent in
Science
76%
News & Media
16%
Encyclopedias
3%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Academia
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "consisting of these" is a grammatically correct and versatile phrase used to define the composition of a particular entity or group. As Ludwig AI highlights, its usage is widely accepted. It is most frequently encountered in scientific and technical contexts, though it also appears in news and general writing. While alternatives such as "composed of these" or "comprising these" exist, the choice depends on the desired level of formality and the specific context. When using this phrase, clarity and accuracy are key to ensure effective communication.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
composed of these
Replaces "consisting" with "composed", offering a slightly more formal tone but maintaining the same meaning.
comprising these
Uses "comprising" in place of "consisting", providing a synonym with similar grammatical function.
including these
Substitutes "consisting of" with "including", implying that the list might not be exhaustive.
made up of these
Replaces "consisting" with "made up of", offering a more informal alternative.
constituted by these
Uses "constituted by" instead of "consisting of", providing a more formal and passive construction.
formed from these
Replaces "consisting of" with "formed from", emphasizing the creation or assembly aspect.
containing these
Substitutes "consisting of" with "containing", focusing on the inclusion of specific elements.
encompassing these
Uses "encompassing" instead of "consisting", suggesting a broader scope or coverage.
comprising solely these
Adds "solely" to emphasize that the list is exclusive and complete.
exclusively composed of these
Combines "exclusively" and "composed of" to reinforce the idea of a complete and limited list.
FAQs
How do I use "consisting of these" in a sentence?
"Consisting of these" is used to specify the elements or components that make up a whole. For example, "The team, "consisting of these" members, will present the project".
What are some alternatives to "consisting of these"?
Alternatives include "composed of these", "comprising these", or "including these". The best choice depends on the specific context and desired level of formality.
Is it better to use "comprising" or "consisting of"?
Both "comprising" and "consisting of" are grammatically correct. "Comprising" is often considered more concise, while "consisting of" may be perceived as slightly more formal.
What's the difference between "including" and "consisting of"?
"Including" implies that the listed items are part of a larger group, while "consisting of" indicates that the listed items are the only components of the group. "The set "including these" elements is incomplete" versus "The set "consisting of these" elements is complete".
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested