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The sak gene, encoding the plasminogen activator staphylokinase, was investigated on t127 strains by using published primers [ 26].

Isolates negative for all 3 genes were screened for ribosomal mutations in L4, L22, and portions of 23S RNA genes by using published primers (11).

DNA was extracted from fresh or ethanol-preserved cercariae, amplified by PCR (Takara Ex Taq; Takara Biomedicals, Otsu, Japan), and sequenced by using published primers (24, 25 ).

We conducted BLAST searches within the recently published draft genome sequence of LSU-61 (28 ) by using published primers for the different insertion sites (29, 30 ).

All samples were tested for orthobunyavirus small segment RNA by RT-PCR by using published primers from Kuno et al (10 ) (forward BCS82C 5′-ATGACTGAGTTGGAGTTTCATGATGTCGC-3′, reverse BCS332V 5′-TGTTCCTGTTGCCAGGAAAAT-3′).

The 25 positive samples were subsequently subjected to a PCR procedure that amplified fragments from 682 to 1,293 bp of the 16S rRNA gene (depending on the amplification success) by using published primers (8 – 10 ).

Similar(54)

In addition to the conventional technique, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed within 4 6 hours on LB broth cultures of 77 stool samples collected from I. D. Hospital by using published primer sequences for IpaH (invasion plasmid antigen H) gene to detect further Shigella infection, which might have been missed by conventional methods (8 ).

Mice were genotyped at 3 weeks of age by PCR using published primers (Bichelmeier et al., 2007).

Isolates in this study were investigated for the presence of SGI1 and variant SGI1s by PCR using published primers specific for the right (104-RJ, 104-D) and left (U7-L12, LJ-R1) junctiofs of the chromosomal insertion site (19 ).

Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were determined by sequencing, using published primers, a combined 2044 base pairs comprised of partial cytochrome b (Concheiro Pérez et al., 2007) and ND2 (Kocher et al., 1995).

HFE gene mutations were determined in buffy-coat DNA by PCR amplification using published primers (18), followed by restriction enzyme cleavage and analysis on a 3% agarose gel.

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