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Of note, Mack et al. [17] showed that L. plantarum has a direct effect on intestinal epithelial cells by inducing secretion of mucins that diminish enteric pathogens binding to mucosal epithelial cells.
GIP has been shown to activate inflammatory responses in adipocytes by inducing secretion of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and proinflammatory nuclear factors (51).
Enhanced in T cells, it recruits macrophages at the infection site and improves cell-mediated immunity (Th1) by inducing secretion of Th1 cytokines [ 33- 36].
20 22 23 Furthermore, EA has been shown to reduce plasma glucose levels by promoting insulin production and to improve insulin sensitivity by inducing secretion of endogenous β-endorphin in different rodent models of diabetes mellitus.
These endogenous pyrogens activate the febrile response indirectly, by inducing secretion of prostaglandin E2 in the organum vasculosum of the lamina propria located just below the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.
During infection, SIGNR3 is expressed in lung phagocytes and interacts with Mtb bacilli and mycobacterial surface glycoconjugates and mediates host protection by inducing secretion of protective cytokines including TNF α and IL-6 [ 94, 95].
Similar(53)
We tested this hypothesis by inducing secretion using flash photolysis of caged Ca2+.
The proteins encoded by the cag PAI are responsible for inducing secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8), remodeling the surface of epithelial cells and forming the pedestal.
They found that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), secreted by the hypothalamus to induce secretion of stress hormones by the pituitary and the adrenal glands, also appeared around sites of inflammation in adults.
Although pathogenesis of placental malaria is not completely understood, the IE binding to ST and recognition of parasite by maternal macrophages induce secretion of chemokines that recruit maternal monocytes into the IVS, resulting in inflammation.
Ligation of TLR9 by DNA-associated autoantigens or TLR7 by RNA-associated autoantigens induces secretion of IFN-I by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and activates autoreactive B cells [ 3- 12].
Related(20)
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