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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
below indicate
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "below indicate" is not correct in English as it is incomplete and lacks proper grammatical structure.
It can be used in contexts where you want to refer to information or items that will be listed or described afterward, but it needs to be part of a complete sentence. Example: "The factors below indicate the reasons for the project's success."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Academia
Alternative expressions(5)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
Readings above 50 indicate growth, while those below indicate contraction.
News & Media
The color and size of each of the bubbles below indicate nonprofit density by district.
Academia
This, and the table below, indicate that the state-sponsored doping referenced in the report may extend beyond the Olympics.
News & Media
Any figure over zero shows expansion, while numbers below indicate new orders are slipping.
News & Media
Readings above 50 in the institute's survey signal growth, while readings below indicate contraction.
News & Media
The blue dots on the map below indicate where the ready-made game has shipped in the United States and Canada.
Academia
The five vertical lights below indicate the number, 0-4, to be added to base indicated by the top lights, thus allowing all digits 0-9 to be displayed by 7 lamps.
Academia
As the many names below indicate, alumni of London Student are some of the most successful and passionate journalists working in the industry today and are excellent examples of the employability of University of London graduates; shutting London Student down to save costs makes little or no sense.
News & Media
Nevertheless, government data indicate that union grocery store workers still earn about three dollars more per hour than non-union grocery store workers ($13.00 vs. $10.00) and are slightly more likely to work full-time hours (74% vs. 70%.166 Our survey data, reported below, indicate that even greater advantages, regarding both wages and other elements of job quality, arise from having a union.
avoid ambiguous terms such as "left", "right", "above" and "below" indicate how you have determined that the object is new (e.g., comparison to named atlases, observation the previous night, etc). and whether you have checked for known supernovae and/or minor planets in the area.
Academia
It is important to note that the lighter colors in the graphic below indicate less smoke.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Ensure that "below indicate" is always part of a complete sentence. For example, instead of just stating "below indicate", write "The points below indicate..." to provide a subject for the verb.
Common error
Avoid using "below indicate" as a standalone phrase. Always incorporate it into a full sentence to maintain grammatical correctness and clarity.
Source & Trust
86%
Authority and reliability
3.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "below indicate" functions as a transitional phrase, referring to information presented subsequently. However, it requires integration into a complete sentence for grammatical correctness. As Ludwig AI indicates, it's an incomplete structure if used alone.
Frequent in
Science
40%
News & Media
25%
Academia
15%
Less common in
Wiki
10%
Formal & Business
5%
Reference
5%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, while the phrase "below indicate" is frequently used to introduce subsequent information, it's grammatically incomplete and requires integration into a full sentence. According to Ludwig AI, the phrase on its own is incorrect. When using it, ensure that it is part of a complete sentence to ensure grammatical correctness and clarity. Alternatives such as "the following "indicate"" or "as shown "below"" can provide grammatically sound options. It appears across a broad range of sources, including scientific, news, and academic contexts, but careful attention to sentence structure is essential for effective communication.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
the following indicate
Replaces "below" with "the following" offering a more formal and grammatically sound construction.
the subsequent data show
Uses "subsequent data" to refer to the information presented after and "show" instead of "indicate".
the data below suggest
Substitutes "indicate" with "suggest", softening the assertion.
as shown below
This alternative acts as a parenthetical reference to something visually presented "below".
the details below specify
Replaces "indicate" with "specify", making the relationship more direct and precise.
the ensuing results demonstrate
Replaces "below" with "ensuing results" and "indicate" with "demonstrate" to add formality and strength.
the ensuing details point to
Uses "point to" as a more conversational replacement for "indicate".
as detailed below
Similar to "as shown below", this alternative highlights the detailed presentation.
the evidence below reveals
Emphasizes the revealing nature of the evidence, offering a stronger impact.
the subsequent analysis confirms
Uses "confirms" to present a sense of validation by the analysis.
FAQs
How can I properly use the phrase "below indicate" in a sentence?
To use the phrase correctly, ensure it's part of a complete sentence. For instance, you could say, "The points "below indicate" the key findings of the study."
What are some alternatives to "below indicate" that maintain a similar meaning?
Is it grammatically correct to use "below indicate" on its own?
No, "below "indicate"" should not be used as a standalone phrase. It needs to be part of a complete sentence to be grammatically sound.
What's the difference between "below indicate" and "the following indicates"?
"Below "indicate"" is an incomplete phrase and grammatically incorrect on its own. "The following indicates" is a complete and grammatically correct sentence structure.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
86%
Authority and reliability
3.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested