Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
which were proper
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "which were proper" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to something that was appropriate or suitable in a specific context or situation. Example: "The committee reviewed the proposals and selected those which were proper for the project requirements."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Science
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
6 human-written examples
The "requisite qualifications" have been repeatedly deliberated over and they are clearly wanting, but study that last phrase, "…to a judicious combination of all the reasons and inducements which were proper to govern their choice".
News & Media
Alexander Hamilton explains it best: "[Electors should be] men most capable of analyzing the qualities adapted to [the Presidency]." They should act "under circumstances favorable to deliberation, and to a judicious combination of all the reasons and inducements which were proper to govern their choice".
News & Media
The point of the Electoral College is to preserve "the sense of the people," while at the same time ensuring that a president is chosen "by men most capable of analyzing the qualities adapted to the station, and acting under circumstances favorable to deliberation, and to a judicious combination of all the reasons and inducements which were proper to govern their choice".
News & Media
Hamid Khan, Professor of Law at the University of South Carolina, quotes Hamilton as writing that Electors were to be "the most capable of analyzing the qualities adapted to the station and acting under circumstances favorable to deliberation and to a judicious combination of all the reasons and inducements which were proper to govern their choice".
News & Media
It was equally desirable, that the immediate election should be made by men most capable of analyzing the qualities adapted to the station, and acting under circumstances favorable to deliberation, and to a judicious combination of all the reasons and inducements which were proper to govern their choice..
News & Media
Harvard professor and campaign finance reform advocate Lawrence Lessig concurred in the Washington Post, quoting a line from Alexander Hamilton about how electors were to use "a judicious combination of all the reasons and inducements which were proper to govern their choice".
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
54 human-written examples
Which was proper.
News & Media
The justices insist on maintaining their independence, which is proper.
News & Media
At such a time, the parson should not aspire to the judgements which are proper to the politician.
News & Media
And at such a time, the parson should not aspire to the judgments which are proper to the politician; instead, this is a place for ordinary human compassion of the kind that is reconciling.
News & Media
Another is subordination [Unterordnung] which is proper inclusion, without reciprocity.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "which were proper", ensure that the context clearly defines the criteria for what is considered "proper". For example, specify the rules, standards, or expectations that determine appropriateness.
Common error
Avoid using "which were proper" without clearly establishing the standards for propriety. This can lead to ambiguity and misinterpretation. Always provide context to define what makes something "proper" in your specific case.
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "which were proper" functions as a relative clause, modifying a noun by providing additional information about it. As shown by Ludwig, this is used to describe the characteristics or conditions that elements fulfilled.
Frequent in
News & Media
50%
Science
41%
Encyclopedias
8%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Wiki
0%
Academia
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "which were proper" acts as a relative clause to define specific elements or actions by suggesting adherence to an established standard. As confirmed by Ludwig, it's often seen in news and scientific contexts where precise and descriptive language is essential. While grammatically sound and suitable for formal communication, it's crucial to define the standards that determine what is considered "proper" within the context to maintain clarity. The use of alternatives like "that were appropriate" or "which were fitting" can provide stylistic variety while retaining the meaning.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
that were appropriate
Replaces "proper" with a more general synonym, focusing on suitability.
that were suitable
Similar to "appropriate", emphasizing fitness for a specific purpose.
which were fitting
Emphasizes the appropriateness in a particular context or situation.
that were apt
Suggests a natural or inherent appropriateness.
which were befitting
Implies appropriateness in terms of social norms or expectations.
that were correct
Focuses on accuracy or adherence to a standard.
which were right
A simpler, more direct synonym for "correct" or "proper".
that were in order
Indicates that something was in the correct sequence or arrangement.
which were applicable
Highlights relevance or direct connection to the matter at hand.
that were admissible
Suggests that something was allowed or acceptable, especially in a formal setting.
FAQs
How can I use "which were proper" in a sentence?
Use "which were proper" to describe elements or actions that conformed to a certain standard or expectation in the past. For example: "The documents, "which were proper", were submitted for review."
What are some alternatives to using "which were proper"?
You can use alternatives like "that were appropriate", "that were suitable", or "which were fitting" depending on the context.
Is there a difference between "that were proper" and "which were proper"?
While both can be used to introduce relative clauses, "which" is typically used for nonrestrictive clauses (adding extra information), and "that" for restrictive clauses (essential to the sentence's meaning). In practice, the distinction is often blurred, and either may be acceptable.
Can "which were proper" be used in formal writing?
Yes, "which were proper" is suitable for formal writing, especially when precision is needed to convey that certain standards or expectations were met. However, ensure the context clarifies the definition of "proper".
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested