Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
which said
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase 'which said' is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when referencing a previously stated comment or opinion. For example: My boss mentioned that I should stay late at work, which said, I don't think I can stay any longer.
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Alternative expressions(5)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
He polled the audience, which said cello.
News & Media
But I couldn't find a door which said 'WC'WC
News & Media
It had, however, released a second tweet, which said:.
News & Media
However, Which? said: "Consumers can only protect themselves so far.
News & Media
Which, said his wife, Sheila, he used all the time.
News & Media
had cut off name and caption which said dress imported by Saks.
News & Media
Not the newspapers she called decades later, which said it was too explosive to publish.
News & Media
He gave Blum his card, which said, "Operations Specialist, Asset Recovery — Rejected Material, Material Division".
News & Media
This angered Rape Crisis Scotland, which said his comments sent the wrong message to teenage girls.
News & Media
"I saw a study which said that, counter-intuitively, gentrification doesn't necessarily lead to displacement.
News & Media
[The Sun's editor, Kelvin] MacKenzie seized on it and designed a front page which said: "GOTCHA.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "which said" to directly attribute a statement or piece of information to a specific source or document. It's particularly effective when you want to highlight the exact wording or claim made by that source.
Common error
Avoid using "which said" in non-restrictive clauses where the information is parenthetical and not essential to identifying the subject. In such cases, it's better to integrate the information more smoothly into the sentence or use a different phrasing altogether.
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "which said" functions as a relative clause, introducing information about a preceding noun or noun phrase. It indicates that the preceding noun made a statement, declaration, or utterance. As Ludwig AI indicates, the phrase is grammatically correct and useful for attributing statements.
Frequent in
News & Media
85%
Science
5%
Wiki
3%
Less common in
Formal & Business
2%
Academia
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "which said" is a grammatically sound and frequently employed phrase, as confirmed by Ludwig AI, used to introduce relative clauses that attribute statements to specific sources. Predominantly found in news and media contexts, it serves to add authority and clarify the origin of information. While considered neutral in register, it's best used in situations where direct attribution is necessary. Remember to use it in restrictive clauses and avoid overuse in non-essential or parenthetical information. Consider alternatives like "that stated" or "according to" for stylistic variation.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
that stated
Replaces "which said" with a more formal verb, emphasizing the act of making a statement.
that mentioned
Substitutes "said" with "mentioned", indicating a less formal or direct reference.
that indicated
Uses "indicated" instead of "said", implying a more subtle or indirect communication.
that noted
Replaces "said" with "noted", suggesting a formal observation or recording of information.
as it stated
Adds "as it" for emphasis and clarity, slightly increasing formality.
in which it said
Rephrases to include "in which", changing the sentence structure slightly.
that declared
Uses "declared" instead of "said", implying a more official or emphatic statement.
which reported
Substitutes "said" with "reported", focusing on the act of conveying information.
that expressed
Uses "expressed" instead of "said", emphasizing the communication of a feeling or opinion.
according to
Replaces "which said" with a prepositional phrase indicating source attribution. Reduces formality.
FAQs
How can I use "which said" in a sentence?
Use "which said" to attribute information directly to a source, like "The report, "which said" profits were up, was released yesterday."
What are some alternatives to "which said"?
Consider using phrases like "that stated", "that mentioned", or "according to", depending on the context and level of formality.
Is "which said" formal or informal?
"Which said" is generally considered neutral to slightly formal and is suitable for news reports, academic papers, and professional communications.
Can I use "that said" instead of "which said"?
While "that said" is grammatically correct, "which said" is preferred when introducing a non-restrictive clause that provides additional, non-essential information about the subject.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested