which result in

USAGE SUMMARY

"which result in" is a correct and usable phrase in written English.
It is usually used to refer to the consequence or outcome of something previously stated. For example: "Unrestrained consumption of natural resources can lead to an ecological crisis, which results in numerous negative effects."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Academia

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

failures, which result in erroneous traffic data.

University of California, Berkeley

Note the very different structures created by the methods, which result in very different search speeds.

Columbia University

Unfortunately, sensors are prone to failures, which result in erroneous traffic data.

University of California, Berkeley

Her trademark characteristics are static positions and long takes which result in a sense of stillness.

The Guardian - Arts

All countries with petroleum resources levy additional resource taxes, which result in industry paying high taxes.

The Guardian

The men make bad decisions which result in short-term gain and long-term regret.

The Guardian - Books

All of which result in, if not professorship, then potential heavy drinking.

The Guardian

Writer has had few experiences with the brimming kind of tears which result in pure moments.

The New Yorker

Currently sanctions, which result in the loss of benefits, can be imposed immediately.

Independent

The different weightings, which result in different spatial contrasts, were considered throughout this work.

NeuroImage

Process modifications have then been made which result in significant improvements in dimensional accuracy.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "which result in", consider if a stronger, more direct verb like 'cause' or 'produce' would make your sentence more concise and impactful.

Common error

Avoid using "which result in" when the antecedent is unclear. Ensure the 'which' clause directly and logically refers to the closest preceding noun or clause to prevent ambiguity. Reword the sentence to clarify the connection if needed.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which result in" functions as a relative clause introducing a consequence or outcome. It connects a preceding noun or clause to its effect, as evidenced by Ludwig AI. The phrase indicates a causal relationship, elaborating on the impact of the initial statement.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

42%

News & Media

28%

Academia

18%

Less common in

Formal & Business

7%

Encyclopedias

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "which result in" is a commonly used relative clause that serves to introduce the consequences or outcomes of a particular event or situation. Ludwig AI confirms its grammatical correctness and widespread usage across various domains, including science, news, and academia. While it's versatile, clarity in antecedent reference is crucial to avoid ambiguity. Alternatives like "that lead to" or "that cause" can offer conciseness in certain contexts. With its frequent usage and straightforward application, mastering the use of "which result in" enhances the precision and clarity of your writing.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

that lead to

This alternative uses a more direct verb, 'lead', instead of 'result', slightly simplifying the sentence structure.

that cause

Replaces 'result in' with the more concise 'cause', emphasizing direct causation.

that produce

This alternative emphasizes the creation or generation aspect of the result.

leading to

This option transforms the phrase into a present participle, creating a more continuous flow.

that generate

Similar to 'produce', but often used when the outcome involves something more complex or abstract.

that bring about

This suggests a more significant or transformative effect.

with the effect of

This alternative is more descriptive, explicitly stating the effect.

with the consequence of

Highlights the outcome as a consequence, often implying a less desirable result.

that contribute to

Indicates that the factor is one of several influencing the outcome.

that give rise to

Emphasizes the origin or beginning of something as a result.

FAQs

How can I use "which result in" in a sentence?

Use "which result in" to connect a clause that describes the outcome or consequence of something mentioned earlier in the sentence. For example: "The new policy had several unintended consequences, "which result in" significant delays".

What are some alternatives to "which result in"?

You can use alternatives like "that lead to", "that cause", or "leading to" depending on the context.

Is it always necessary to use a comma before "which result in"?

Yes, when "which result in" introduces a nonrestrictive clause (a clause that provides additional but not essential information), it should be preceded by a comma. If the clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence (restrictive clause), then no comma is needed.

What is the difference between "which result in" and "that result in"?

"Which result in" is typically used in nonrestrictive clauses, while "that result in" is used in restrictive clauses. A nonrestrictive clause adds extra information and is set off by commas, whereas a restrictive clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence.