Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
which provided
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "which provided" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to introduce a clause that gives additional information about something that was previously mentioned, often indicating that something was offered or made available. Example: "The report included several key findings, which provided valuable insights into the market trends."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Science
Encyclopedias
Alternative expressions(20)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
Which provided the fattest royalty cheque?
News & Media
A second skeleton was unearthed which provided the jaw bone.
News & Media
The plaintiffs sued CACI International, which provided interrogators, and L-3 Communications Holdings' Titan unit, which provided military interpreters.
News & Media
With the roads came telegraph wires, which provided the perches.
Encyclopedias
Two, they exploited global demand, which provided a deep, elastic market for their goods.
News & Media
I also bought piles of fanzines, which provided incredible amounts of information of hardcore happenings nationwide.
News & Media
Tanna owned five commercial properties, which provided a good chunk of his retirement income.
News & Media
It was the emergence of Harmison from a dormant period which provided the real focal point.
News & Media
Carers also felt happier as a result of attending the sessions, which provided them with respite.
News & Media
The journal, which provided additional illustration for the film, also had the effect of jogging memories.
News & Media
He also founded the Ocean Pond Corporation on Fishers Island, which provided seed oysters.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Vary your sentence structure by occasionally replacing "which provided" with alternatives like "that supplied" or "that offered" to avoid repetition and maintain reader interest.
Common error
Avoid using "that provided" when the clause is non-restrictive and provides additional, non-essential information. "Which provided" is the correct choice in these cases, always preceded by a comma.
Source & Trust
88%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "which provided" functions as a relative clause, adding descriptive information to a noun or noun phrase. It serves to expand upon or clarify a preceding element in the sentence, as supported by Ludwig and its examples.
Frequent in
News & Media
68%
Science
16%
Encyclopedias
4%
Less common in
Wiki
2%
Formal & Business
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "which provided" is a grammatically sound and frequently used phrase that introduces non-restrictive clauses, offering supplementary information. As confirmed by Ludwig, it is commonly found in news, scientific, and encyclopedic contexts. Remember to precede "which" with a comma to indicate a non-restrictive clause, and consider alternatives like "that supplied" or "that offered" to enhance your writing style.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
that supplied
Emphasizes the act of furnishing or making something available.
that offered
Focuses on the act of presenting or proposing something.
that furnished
Highlights the act of equipping or providing necessary items.
that gave
A more general term for offering or supplying something.
which rendered
Implies the act of causing something to be in a specific state or condition.
which contributed
Focuses on the act of adding to or helping to cause something.
that facilitated
Emphasizes making an action or process easier.
which enabled
Highlights the act of giving someone or something the means to do something.
that supported
Focuses on the act of giving assistance or encouragement.
which yielded
Implies producing or generating a result or outcome.
FAQs
How do I use "which provided" in a sentence?
Use "which provided" to introduce a non-restrictive clause that adds extra information about something previously mentioned. For example, "The study included several key findings, "which provided" valuable insights."
What are some alternatives to "which provided"?
Depending on the context, you can use phrases like "that supplied", "that offered", or "that furnished" as alternatives to "which provided".
Is it correct to say "that provided" instead of "which provided"?
While "that provided" can sometimes be used, "which provided" is generally preferred for non-restrictive clauses that add extra information. Use "that provided" for restrictive clauses that are essential to the sentence's meaning.
What's the difference between "which provided" and "that provided"?
"Which provided" introduces non-restrictive clauses, adding extra detail but not essential meaning. "That provided" introduces restrictive clauses, essential for defining what you're talking about.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
88%
Authority and reliability
4.6/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested