Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
which is maintained by
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "which is maintained by" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it to introduce a clause that explains who or what is responsible for performing a specific action or task. For example: The company's website, which is maintained by the IT department, is constantly updated with new information.
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Wiki
Encyclopedias
Alternative expressions(4)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
This database, which is maintained by the E.P.A., is easily available to the public.
News & Media
card prices in four sports, which is maintained by Jeffrey Kaplan, an e-commerce consultant in New City, N.Y.
News & Media
The artesian well in Carmel, which is maintained by the city, is one of the best known.
News & Media
Armed with that wording, JPMorgan could file a claim against Washington Mutual's receivership fund, which is maintained by the F.D.I.C.
News & Media
About a million people in China now use the service, which is maintained by about 50 volunteers around the world.
News & Media
The site mentioned above, www.hotspringbreaks.com, which is maintained by Student Adventure Travel of Dallas City, Ill., posts a "too good to be true" report that warns online shoppers.
News & Media
Every year, about seventy thousand people visit his home, Dove Cottage, which is maintained by an organization called the Wordsworth Trust.
News & Media
Such articles were listed in databases like PubMed, which is maintained by the National Library of Medicine, and selected for their quality.
News & Media
The belief in life after death, which is maintained by each of the Abrahamic religions, raises the metaphysical question of how the human person is to be defined.
Encyclopedias
Secondary nature, which is maintained by human interference, in a sense is more difficult to preserve than virgin nature because it deeply relates to lifestyles of human beings.
Science
We show that Drosophila nephrocytes have a unique cytoplasmic cluster of F-actin, which is maintained by the microtubule cytoskeleton and Rho-GTPases.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "which is maintained by", ensure that the noun it modifies is clearly defined and understood within the context to avoid ambiguity.
Common error
Avoid using "which are maintained by" when referring to a singular noun. Ensure the verb agrees with the noun being described.
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "which is maintained by" functions as a relative clause, providing additional, non-essential information about a noun. It identifies the entity responsible for the upkeep or preservation of something. Ludwig confirms the grammatical correctness and usability of this phrase.
Frequent in
Science
50%
News & Media
27%
Wiki
12%
Less common in
Encyclopedias
4%
Formal & Business
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "which is maintained by" is a common and grammatically sound relative clause used to specify the entity responsible for the upkeep or preservation of a particular subject. As Ludwig AI confirms, it's suitable for diverse contexts, with a primary presence in scientific and news media. When writing, ensure the subject-verb agreement is accurate and that the context justifies specifying maintenance responsibility. While alternatives exist, such as "that is administered by" or "that is preserved by", the choice depends on the subtle nuance you wish to convey. Be mindful of typical errors like incorrect subject-verb agreement. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of how to effectively use "which is maintained by" in your writing.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
that is supported by
Focuses on the aspect of providing resources or assistance, subtly shifting the meaning from direct maintenance to enabling functionality.
that is preserved by
Emphasizes the act of keeping something in its original condition, often against potential damage or decay.
that is administered by
Implies a formal or official management structure, changing the tone from simple upkeep to organizational oversight.
that is looked after by
Introduces a caretaking or protective aspect, signifying a more nurturing involvement than simply maintaining.
that is kept up by
Uses a more informal tone, suggesting regular effort to prevent decline, whereas "maintained" implies a more stable state.
that is cared for by
Implies a more gentle and attentive approach to maintenance, connoting concern for well-being.
that is operated by
Shifts the focus to functional operation and control, diverging from the more general idea of maintaining condition.
that is upheld by
Suggests supporting or defending a standard or principle, rather than maintaining a physical entity.
that is overseen by
Highlights the supervision aspect, indicating a monitoring role rather than direct involvement in the maintenance process.
that is run by
Emphasizes the act of managing and directing the operations, altering the focus from preserving the condition to directing the activity.
FAQs
How can I use "which is maintained by" in a sentence?
The phrase "which is maintained by" is used to provide additional information about a noun, specifying who or what is responsible for its upkeep or operation. For example: "The database, "which is maintained by" the EPA, is publicly accessible."
What are some alternatives to "which is maintained by"?
You can use alternatives such as "that is supported by", "that is administered by", or "that is preserved by" depending on the context and the nuance you want to convey. Each alternative slightly shifts the focus from simple upkeep to different aspects of management or care.
Is it ever incorrect to use "which is maintained by"?
It is grammatically incorrect to use "which is maintained by" if the noun it refers to is plural and requires a plural verb form (i.e., "which are maintained by"). Also, ensure the context warrants specifying who is responsible for maintenance, as sometimes this information is unnecessary.
What is the difference between "which is maintained by" and "which is managed by"?
"Which is maintained by" typically refers to the physical upkeep or operational continuity of something, while "which is managed by" implies overseeing and directing its operations. "Maintained" focuses on preservation, whereas "managed" focuses on control and direction.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested