Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
which is justified
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "which is justified" is a correct and usable phrase in written English.
You can use it to introduce a clause to explain why a particular action or situation is reasonable or expected. For example, "The government has increased taxes, which is justified given the current economic climate."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Alternative expressions(20)
which is legitimate
that is understandable
this is reasonable
which is correct
which is justifiable
which is appropriate
which is understandable
which is why
thus
consequently
so as to enable
this is the reason why
which describes why
this accounts for
which is attributed
for this reason
which is precisely why
which is resulted
so when
as a result
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
57 human-written examples
Figure 7 indicates that injection rates derived from unicast communication for the IS kernel are low, but are higher than the ones obtained with FT, which is justified by the presence of 1 1 communication.
Austerity, which is justified by fear, is the reason businesses have proved so reluctant to invest.
News & Media
"Grabbing and snatching it was a private, illegal act which is justified by no law or ethics," wrote Jaffry.
News & Media
"It's filling and sustaining but still has a healthy image, which is justified in many ways because chickpeas have lots of protein and tahini is a much better source of oil than many others.
News & Media
All told, action to get sulphur out of the atmosphere, which is justified on health grounds, could easily warm the world as much, or more, than removing black carbon cools it.So, what to do about such conundrums?
News & Media
The proposed anticipated design has the consistency which is justified by the standard performance indexes.
Science
This limit is given by the next equation, which is justified in Subsection 2.1.
Timescale of each interval is an important issue for QoE evaluation which is justified in Timescale.
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
3 human-written examples
There was a lot of negativity after losing at Lord's, which was justified.
News & Media
There were universal accusations of bad faith, only some of which were justified.
News & Media
Adelson said Jacobs was dismissed for 35 transgressions, "each of which was justified for termination for cause".
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "which is justified", ensure that the reason for justification is clear and directly related to the preceding clause. This maintains clarity and avoids ambiguity.
Common error
Avoid using "which is justified" without providing a clear explanation. Ensure the justification is not too broad or open to interpretation, as this can weaken your argument.
Source & Trust
85%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "which is justified" functions as a relative clause, providing additional information that explains or supports the statement in the main clause. It connects a justification or reason to a preceding action or situation, as confirmed by Ludwig.
Frequent in
Science
66%
News & Media
23%
Formal & Business
3%
Less common in
Academia
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Wiki
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "which is justified" serves as a relative clause to provide a rationale or explanation for a preceding statement. As noted by Ludwig, it is grammatically correct and widely used across various contexts, particularly in science and news media. To ensure effective communication, always provide a clear and relevant justification to support your claims. Consider alternative phrases like "that is warranted" or "that is defensible" to add nuance to your writing. Be mindful of vague justifications and strive for clarity in your explanations.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
that is warranted
Replaces "justified" with "warranted", implying a similar sense of being deserved or necessary.
that is defensible
Substitutes "justified" with "defensible", suggesting that the action or belief can be supported against criticism.
which is legitimate
Uses "legitimate" instead of "justified", indicating that something complies with the law or rules, or is fair.
that is understandable
Replaces "justified" with "understandable", focusing on the ease with which something can be comprehended or sympathized with.
this is reasonable
Changes the structure to emphasize the reasonableness of something, rather than its justification.
which is validated
Using "validated" in place of "justified" emphasizes that something has been confirmed or proven.
that is substantiated
Replaces "justified" with "substantiated", which implies that something is supported by evidence.
that holds up
An idiomatic alternative to "justified", suggesting that something remains valid or true under scrutiny.
there is a rationale for this
Restructures the sentence to focus on the existence of a logical basis or reason for something.
this is vindicated
Uses "vindicated" instead of "justified", implying that something has been cleared of blame or suspicion and shown to be correct.
FAQs
How can I use "which is justified" in a sentence?
Use "which is justified" to introduce a clause that explains why a previous action, statement, or situation is reasonable or valid. For example: "The company increased prices, "which is justified" due to rising production costs".
What are some alternatives to "which is justified"?
Alternatives include "that is warranted", "that is defensible", or "which is legitimate", depending on the specific nuance you want to convey.
Is it better to say "which is justified" or "that is justified"?
"Which is justified" and "that is justified" are both grammatically correct. "Which" introduces a nonrestrictive clause (additional information), while "that" introduces a restrictive clause (essential information). The choice depends on whether the justification is essential to understanding the sentence.
What is the difference between "justified" and "justifiable"?
"Justified" means something has already been shown to be right or reasonable. "Justifiable" means something can be shown to be right or reasonable. For instance, "The action was "which is justified" after the investigation," versus "The action was "which is justified" because of the emergency situation".
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
85%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested