which indicate

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which indicate" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to something that provides information or evidence about a particular subject or situation. Example: "The results of the experiment, which indicate a significant improvement, will be published next month."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Wiki

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

59 human-written examples

It is these signed documents which indicate to the lustraters whether or not someone has collaborated.

The New Yorker

These markings, which indicate equilibrium or harmony, seem to move forward and backward in space.

The New York Times

His legal counsel has documented additional incidents which indicate the possibility of other rights violations.

The Guardian

A total of 17 severe flood warnings, which indicate danger to life, were put in place in Cumbria and Northumberland.

The Guardian

The surface danced with bubbles: the pearls, which indicate the proportion of alcohol according to how quickly they dissipate.

The New Yorker

In team sports such as wheelchair rugby, the players are allocated points, which indicate their activity limitation.

The Guardian - Sport

A second instrument detected slow-moving neutrons, which indicate the presence of hydrogen in the polar regions.

The New York Times - Science

Well, there are a couple of cases which indicate that.

Forbes

Which indicate a stronger sense of embodiment of the device.

ROBOMECH Journal

For example, ratings are explicit feedbacks which indicate users' preference.

Data Science and Engineering

But we did encounter a few bugs, which indicate that it's still something of a test.

TechCrunch

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "which indicate" to introduce non-essential information that provides additional detail or clarification, setting it off with commas.

Common error

Avoid using "which" when "that" is more appropriate. "Which" introduces nonrestrictive clauses (providing extra, non-essential information), while "that" introduces restrictive clauses (essential to the sentence's meaning). Using "that indicate" may be more appropriate when the clause is essential for defining what is being discussed.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which indicate" functions as a relative clause, introducing additional, non-essential information about the noun it modifies. Ludwig AI confirms its usability in English.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

40%

News & Media

35%

Wiki

10%

Less common in

Formal & Business

5%

Encyclopedias

5%

Reference

5%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "which indicate" is a grammatically sound and frequently used relative clause to provide additional information. As Ludwig AI confirms, it is correct and usable in written English across various contexts, particularly in science and news media. The phrase's purpose is to offer insights or evidence without being crucial to the core meaning of the sentence, maintaining a neutral register. Remember to use commas to set off the "which indicate" clause, and consider alternatives like "that demonstrate" or "that suggest" for varied expression.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

that demonstrate

Focuses on the act of showing or proving something clearly.

that suggest

Implies a less direct or conclusive indication.

that signify

Emphasizes the role of something as a symbol or sign.

that denote

Highlights the function of naming or identifying something specifically.

that represent

Focuses on standing in for or symbolizing something else.

that imply

Suggests something without explicitly stating it.

that evidence

Highlights the role of something as proof or support.

that point to

Suggests a direction or focus of attention.

that are indicative of

Formal way to describe how something serves as a sign or symptom of something else.

that reflect

Show or embody the characteristics of something.

FAQs

How do I use "which indicate" in a sentence?

Use "which indicate" to introduce a nonrestrictive clause that provides additional, non-essential information. This clause should be set off with commas. For example: "The test results, "which indicate" a positive outcome, will be reviewed."

What can I say instead of "which indicate"?

You can use alternatives like "that demonstrate", "that suggest", or "that signify" depending on the context.

Is it always necessary to use a comma before "which indicate"?

Yes, a comma is typically required before "which indicate" when it introduces a nonrestrictive clause. This comma signals that the information is additional and not essential to the sentence's core meaning. Without the comma, the sentence could be grammatically incorrect or confusing.

What's the difference between using "which indicate" and "that indicate"?

"Which indicate" introduces a nonrestrictive clause, providing extra information, while "that indicate" introduces a restrictive clause, which is essential to the sentence's meaning. Consider whether the clause can be removed without changing the sentence's core meaning; if so, use "which".