which in turn

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which in turn" is a perfectly valid part of a sentence in written English.
It is used to indicate a causal relationship between two ideas—one action or event leads to another which in turn can lead to a third. For example, "The rising cost of energy bills has caused many people to move to more energy-efficient homes, which in turn has increased demand for energy-saving appliances."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Wiki

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

59 human-written examples

Which in turn raises another problem.

The Guardian

That reinforces the approach which, in turn, reinforces the success.

The Guardian - Sport

Progress begins with knowledge, which in turn begins with education.

The Guardian

American industries created jobs, which in turn created consumers.

The Guardian - Opinion

It looked genuine, which in turn made him more likable.

The New York Times - Style

House meant home, which in turn meant activity.

The New York Times - Arts

That means expansion, which, in turn, means winning policy support.

The Guardian

He really inspires students, which in turn, inspires me".

The New York Times

Prejudice bred secrecy, which, in turn, bred more prejudice.

The New Yorker

Which, in turn, is the issue that enrages its critics.

The New York Times - Magazine

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

1 human-written examples

Which in-turn causes deaths, permanent illnesses, and disabilities.

Huffington Post

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "which in turn", ensure the 'which' refers clearly and unambiguously to the immediately preceding noun or clause for clarity.

Common error

Avoid placing a comma directly before "which in turn" if it immediately follows a preposition or is essential to the meaning of the sentence. For example, it's more appropriate to write "This leads to better results which in turn boost morale" instead of "This leads to better results, which in turn, boost morale" if the leading relationship is clear.

Linguistic Context

"Which in turn" functions as a conjunctive adverb or transitional phrase, signaling a cause-and-effect relationship between clauses. It connects a result or consequence to a previous action or event. Ludwig AI analysis confirms this use across various contexts.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

39%

Science

30%

Wiki

8%

Less common in

Formal & Business

5%

Encyclopedias

2%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "which in turn" is a versatile phrase used to connect ideas in a cause-and-effect manner. Ludwig AI validates its grammatical correctness and common usage across diverse fields like News & Media, Science and Wiki. When writing, remember to use commas correctly, and consider variations like "consequently" or "as a result" to enhance your writing. With these guidelines, you can effectively use "which in turn" to clarify logical connections in your writing.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

consequently

This term provides a direct causal link, emphasizing the result of a prior action or event.

as a result

Indicates a direct outcome or effect, similar to "which in turn" but more concise.

therefore

This alternative emphasizes a logical conclusion based on preceding information.

hence

A formal term that signifies a consequence or logical deduction.

thus

Indicates a manner or way in which something happens as a result.

subsequently

Focuses on the temporal sequence, highlighting what follows after a certain event.

leading to

Emphasizes the process of one event causing another, often used to introduce a chain of events.

in consequence

A more formal substitute that stresses the resultant effect of an action or situation.

so that

This phrase highlights the intended purpose or result of an action.

in that way

Describes how something is accomplished as a result of a preceding action or condition.

FAQs

How can I effectively use "which in turn" in a sentence?

Use "which in turn" to connect a cause to its subsequent effect. For example, "Improved study habits lead to better grades, "which in turn" increase college opportunities."

What are some alternatives to "which in turn" for varying the sentence structure?

Alternatives include phrases like "consequently", "as a result", or "therefore". Depending on the context, using these can enhance clarity and avoid repetition.

Is it always necessary to include a comma before "which in turn"?

A comma is generally used before "which in turn" when it introduces a nonrestrictive clause—one that adds extra information but isn't essential to the sentence's core meaning. If the clause is essential, the comma should be omitted.

How does "which in turn" differ from "and consequently"?

"Which in turn" specifically refers back to the preceding clause, establishing a direct relationship between the two. "And consequently" is broader and can introduce a result that's less directly tied to the previous action. A phrase like "as a result" can be used instead.