which have not

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase 'which have not' is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it to refer to things that have not been done or used. For example: "Many of the local roads which have not been maintained for some time are in a poor condition."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

59 human-written examples

They have filed appeals, which have not yet been heard.

The New York Times

Tells about U.S. quotas which have not been effective.

The New Yorker

misses or damaged / tampered parcels which have not been detected.

EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing

Some experimental results revealed a few exceptions to this rule which have not been rationalised yet.

Electrochimica Acta

Both hazard types require long-term planning horizons, which have not been readily or optimally adopted.

Landscape and Urban Planning

At the same time, there are issues and tasks which have not been yet fully resolved.

Acta Astronautica

Moreover, the research also reveals which factors have been implemented and which have not.

Technovation

Thus it is a challenging problem for local search methods which have not been already investigated.

Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics

The paper also identifies several new patterns which have not previously been catalogued.

Journal of Systems and Software

These mechanisms mostly belong to the objective factors, which have not met the needs of security.

The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications

PAX8 and IMP3 are two markers which have not been well studied in the endocervix.

Gynecologic Oncology

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "which have not" to introduce nonrestrictive clauses, providing additional information that is not essential to the sentence's core meaning. Always offset these clauses with commas.

Common error

Avoid using "that" in place of "which" when introducing nonrestrictive clauses. "That" is typically used for restrictive clauses, which are essential to the sentence's meaning.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which have not" functions as a relative clause, introducing additional, non-essential information about a noun. According to Ludwig AI, it is grammatically correct. Examples from Ludwig show it used across various contexts to provide further details.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

54%

News & Media

39%

Formal & Business

3%

Less common in

Reference

2%

Wiki

1%

Social Media

1%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "which have not" is a grammatically sound phrase used to introduce nonrestrictive clauses. According to Ludwig AI, the phrase is correct and usable in written English. It's common in both scientific and news contexts, providing supplementary details. When writing, remember to offset these clauses with commas and consider alternative phrases for variety and emphasis. It's a versatile phrase for adding extra information without changing the fundamental meaning of a sentence.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

that haven't

Uses a contraction for a more informal tone.

that have never

Emphasizes that something has not happened at any point in the past.

which lack

Focuses on the absence of something rather than the action not occurring.

that do not have

Uses a more explicit verb construction to indicate absence.

that fail to

Highlights a failure to achieve a certain condition or outcome.

which did not

Shifts the tense to the past, indicating something didn't happen then.

that remain un

Implies that something has not yet been acted upon or completed.

that are without

Indicates the absence of something as a characteristic.

which exclude

Focuses on exclusion, implying a deliberate omission.

that omit

Emphasizes a deliberate act of leaving something out.

FAQs

How do I use "which have not" in a sentence?

Use "which have not" to introduce a nonrestrictive clause, providing extra information. For instance, "The documents, "which have not" been previously published, were reviewed by Reuters."

What's the difference between "which have not" and "that have not"?

"Which have not" introduces nonrestrictive clauses, while "that have not" typically introduces restrictive clauses. Nonrestrictive clauses add extra information and are set off by commas; restrictive clauses are essential to the sentence's meaning and aren't set off by commas.

Can I use a contraction instead of "which have not been"?

Yes, you can use "which haven't been" for a more informal tone. For example, "The issues, "which haven't been" fully resolved, need further attention."

What are some alternatives to "which have not"?

Alternatives include "that haven't", "that have never", or "which lack", depending on the specific context and desired emphasis.