which estimated that

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which estimated that" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when referring to a source or study that provides an estimation or calculation regarding a particular subject or data point. Example: "The report, which estimated that the population would grow by 10% over the next decade, was released last month."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Formal & Business

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

59 human-written examples

This figure is disputed by one of the companies, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, which estimated that 70percentt of customers would see an increase.

The New York Times

The capital plan, for example, cited a study of widening Interstate 95 in Connecticut, which estimated that adding a lane would cost $50 million a mile.

The New York Times

CRAN commissioned a private research firm to carry out a study, which estimated that three per cent of the French, or roughly 1.8 million people, are black.

The New Yorker

This is far higher than two previous surveys which estimated that just 0.06% of schoolchildren have chronic fatigue and another which found only seven sufferers among 8,839 children in 10 schools.

The Guardian

The most disturbing sign of emerging trouble came in the Labor Department's employment report for August, which estimated that the nation lost 4,000 jobs last month — the first monthly decline in four years.

The New York Times

The reports follow the recent publication of an environmental report prepared for the commission, which estimated that moving affected wildlife away from the new airport could cost as much as £2bn.

The Guardian

It says that Christians are the most persecuted faith group in the world, citing the Frankfurt-based Intereportnal Society for Human Rights 2012 report, which estimated that 80% of all acts of religious discrimination were against Christians.

The Guardian

Health and wellbeing boards would have been one of the many agencies concerned by research released last week which estimated that official figures do not reflect the full extent of homelessness across England.

The Guardian

The most recent comprehensive data come from a study published in The Journal of Urology in 2006, which estimated that about 527,000 vasectomies were performed in this country each year.

The New York Times

The survey reveals a 25-fold increase from the last United States Geological Survey assessment of the Bakken Formation in 1995, which estimated that 151 million barrels could be extracted.

The New York Times

The mixed messages have emboldened Honduras' de facto government, which estimated that it could withstand the diplomatic pressure for at least six months and hold a new presidential election as called for in its Constitution.

The New York Times

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "which estimated that", ensure the preceding noun clearly identifies the source of the estimation (e.g., a specific report, study, or organization).

Common error

Avoid using "which estimated that" if the source of the estimation is unclear or ambiguous in the sentence. Clarify the source to maintain accuracy and credibility.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which estimated that" functions as a non-restrictive relative clause, providing additional information about a preceding noun (e.g., a report, study, or organization). As Ludwig AI suggests, this is a common way to add estimations made by outside sources.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

68%

Science

22%

Formal & Business

6%

Less common in

Wiki

2%

Encyclopedias

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "which estimated that" is a versatile phrase functioning as a non-restrictive relative clause. It serves to attribute an estimation to a preceding noun, predominantly a report or study. Ludwig AI confirms its correctness and wide applicability across various sources, especially in news and media, and scientific publications. Alternatives such as "which projected that" or "which calculated that" can be used depending on the nuance you want to convey. Remember to clearly identify the source of the estimation and avoid ambiguity for optimal clarity and impact.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

which projected that

Replaces "estimated" with a word suggesting a future prediction based on current data.

which calculated that

Substitutes "estimated" with a term implying a more precise mathematical determination.

which forecasted that

Replaces "estimated" with a term implying a prediction, usually related to weather or economics.

which predicted that

Similar to 'forecasted', but can apply to a broader range of future events, not just data-driven predictions.

which assessed that

Replaces "estimated" with a term suggesting a more comprehensive evaluation or judgment.

which approximated that

Implies a less precise estimation than 'estimated', suggesting a rough calculation.

which determined that

Replaces "estimated" with a word suggesting a conclusion reached after investigation.

which figured that

A more informal way of saying "estimated", suitable for less formal contexts.

which judged that

Substitutes "estimated" with a term implying subjective assessment or evaluation.

which surmised that

Implies a conclusion reached with limited evidence, more of a guess than a precise calculation.

FAQs

How can I use "which estimated that" in a sentence?

Use "which estimated that" to introduce information about a previous noun, like a report or a study, and to specify the estimation about that particular noun. For example: "The study, which estimated that /s/the+population+would+grow, was published last year."

What are some alternatives to "which estimated that"?

Alternatives include phrases like "which projected that", "which calculated that", or "which forecasted that", depending on the context and the nature of the estimation.

Is "which estimated that" formal or informal?

"Which estimated that" is generally considered neutral to formal. It is suitable for academic, professional, and news contexts. More informal alternatives exist, but may not convey the same level of precision.

What's the difference between "which estimated that" and "which indicated that"?

"Which estimated that" implies a numerical approximation or calculation, whereas "which indicated that" suggests a broader range of findings or observations. The former is used for quantifiable data, while the latter is more general.