which estimated

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which estimated" is not correct and usable in written English as it lacks a clear subject or context.
It can be used when referring to a specific estimation made by a subject, but it needs to be part of a complete sentence for clarity. Example: "The report, which estimated the costs of the project, was submitted last week."

⚠ May contain grammatical issues

News & Media

Science

Formal & Business

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

For risk estimation, banks initially used repricing gap analysis, which estimated the effect of interest rates on interest income.

Financial Innovation

The chunk was offered by Bonhams auction house, which estimated its value at $1.3 million, but it was withdrawn after bidding ended at $300,000.

The New York Times

This year's estimates are nearly 30% higher than in the previous report, which estimated 35.8 million people living in slavery in 2014.

The Guardian

This figure is disputed by one of the companies, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, which estimated that 70percentt of customers would see an increase.

The New York Times

[A1.] Software Group in Piracy Debate A study released by the Business Software Alliance, which estimated the yearly losses from software piracy at $29 billion, has stirred controversy.

The New York Times

The capital plan, for example, cited a study of widening Interstate 95 in Connecticut, which estimated that adding a lane would cost $50 million a mile.

The New York Times

They are confronting one of the world's wealthiest families, according to Forbes, which estimated the Uzans' net worth last year at $1.3 billion.

The New York Times

The only single insurer to forecast a larger exposure to claims relating to the attacks is Berkshire Hathaway, which estimated payouts at $2.2 billion.

The New York Times

The next tenant of the vault space was the Bank of Nova Scotia, which estimated the value of the metals at $200 million.

The New York Times

The Harry Potter series is published in the United States by Scholastic, which estimated first-day sales in the United States last June at about five million copies.

The New York Times

Green and his wife Tina were listed as the UK's 29th richest family in last weekend's Sunday Times rich list, which estimated their worth as £3.22bn.

The Guardian - Business

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "which estimated", ensure it clearly refers to a specific noun or entity within the sentence to avoid ambiguity. Consider restructuring the sentence for better clarity.

Common error

Ensure that the "which" clause directly follows and clearly modifies the noun it's intended to describe. Misplaced clauses can lead to confusion about what's doing the estimating.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which estimated" functions as a relative clause introducing additional information about a preceding noun. However, according to Ludwig AI, it often lacks a clear subject or context, requiring careful sentence construction for clarity.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

55%

Science

38%

Formal & Business

7%

Less common in

Wiki

0%

Reference

0%

Encyclopedias

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, while the phrase "which estimated" appears frequently across diverse sources like news, scientific articles, and business reports, its grammatical correctness is disputable. Ludwig AI indicates it often lacks a clear subject, suggesting potential ambiguity. For clarity, ensure it directly and unambiguously modifies the intended noun. Consider alternative phrasings such as "that estimated" or restructuring the sentence to avoid potential misinterpretations. Despite its common occurrence, prioritize clear, direct language and consider the context when using this phrase.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

which was estimated to be

Expands the phrase for greater grammatical precision.

that approximated to

Adds the preposition "to" for grammatical correctness and clarity.

that approximated

Replaces "which estimated" with a more formal verb, focusing on the act of approximating a value.

that calculated

Emphasizes a more precise computation compared to a general estimation.

that made an estimate of

Restructures the phrase to emphasize the act of making an estimate.

that projected

Suggests a forecast or prediction based on available data.

that provided an estimate of

Focuses on the act of supplying an estimate.

that assessed

Highlights the evaluation or judgment aspect of the process.

that valued

Focuses specifically on assigning a monetary or quantitative value.

that determined

Implies a more definitive finding or conclusion.

FAQs

How can I rephrase a sentence starting with "which estimated" for better clarity?

Try restructuring the sentence to place the noun being modified closer to the phrase. For example, instead of "A study, which estimated...", use "The study estimated...". Alternatives include using phrases like "that approximated" or "that calculated".

Is it always necessary to replace "which estimated"?

No, but always ensure the phrase clearly modifies the intended subject. If the sentence is ambiguous or sounds awkward, consider rephrasing it for improved readability. For a simpler construction, consider rephrasing with "that estimated".

What are common grammatical errors associated with using "which estimated"?

A common mistake is creating a dangling modifier, where the "which" clause doesn't clearly refer to a specific noun. Always check that the noun being modified is close to the clause. Also it is better to use "that estimated" instead of "which".

In what contexts is "which estimated" most appropriate?

While frequently found in various contexts according to Ludwig, it's crucial to ensure clarity. News articles, scientific papers, and business reports often use it, but readability should always be prioritized. Remember that according to Ludwig AI the phrase lacks a clear subject or context so it is better to avoid it.