which established

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which established" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to something that has been set up or created, often in a formal or historical context. Example: "The treaty, which established peace between the two nations, was signed in 1990."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Academia

Encyclopedias

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

59 human-written examples

Take Viagra, which established a new market in lifestyle drugs.

Harvard Business Review

(2) which established requirements for the monitoring system.

Cornell University

Conference, which established a permanent committee with headquarters in Odessa.

Encyclopedia Britannica

It was followed by In Defence of Politics (1962), which established his academic reputation.

The Guardian

Lee begins by looking at Jackson's earlier album, Thriller, which established his extraordinary global dominance.

The Guardian - Film

They were immortalised in Wolfe's 1968 novel, which established Kesey, in particular, as a counterculture hero.

The Guardian

The reforms have been described as more significant than the 1948 Act which established the NHS.

The Guardian

This imbalance led to the technology of copyright, which established a new order.

The New York Times - Magazine

Again working with Preston, Goddard made Fox, which established him as a major British director.

The Guardian - TV & Radio

But in 1932 came Peter Duck, which established Ransome's reputation with the young.

The Guardian

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

1 human-written examples

You know Lawrence v. Texas, [which established the Constitutional right to engage in gay sex]?

Huffington Post

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "which established", ensure that the clause it introduces provides essential context or information about the noun it modifies, enhancing the reader's understanding.

Common error

Avoid using "that" instead of "which" when introducing a nonrestrictive clause. "Which" is generally preferred for clauses that add extra information but are not essential to the sentence's meaning.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which established" functions as a relative clause, providing additional, non-essential information about the noun it modifies. It connects a descriptive clause to a noun, as seen in Ludwig examples like, 'The Montreal Protocol, which established global rules...' It elaborates on the subject without being critical to the core meaning of the sentence.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

44%

Academia

25%

Encyclopedias

8%

Less common in

Science

7%

Formal & Business

0%

Wiki

2%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "which established" is a versatile relative clause used to provide supplementary details about a preceding noun. According to Ludwig AI, it is grammatically sound and frequently appears in diverse sources like news articles, academic papers, and encyclopedias. When using "which established", remember that the clause it introduces should be non-essential and separated by commas. For alternatives, consider phrases like "that founded", "that created", or "that instituted" to convey similar meanings depending on the specific context. This guide ensures confident and accurate use of "which established" in your writing.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

that founded

Focuses on the act of founding, often implying the creation of an institution or organization.

that created

Emphasizes the act of bringing something into existence, suitable for tangible and intangible entities.

that instituted

Highlights the formal introduction of a rule, system, or policy.

that originated

Stresses the point of origin or beginning of something.

that formed

Suggests the coming together of elements to create something new.

that initiated

Focuses on the starting point or first step in a process.

that implemented

Highlights the putting of a plan or system into effect.

that enacted

Specifically refers to the passing of a law or regulation.

that authorized

Implies the granting of permission or power to do something.

that legislated

Implies the action of establishing something by law.

FAQs

How to use "which established" in a sentence?

"Which established" is used to introduce a nonrestrictive clause that provides additional information about something. For example: "The Montreal Protocol, "which established" global rules for protecting the ozone layer, illustrates these capabilities."

What can I say instead of "which established"?

You can use alternatives like "that founded", "that created", or "that instituted" depending on the context.

Which is correct, "which established" or "that established"?

"Which established" is generally preferred for nonrestrictive clauses, while "that established" is used for restrictive clauses. A restrictive clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence, whereas a nonrestrictive clause simply adds extra information.

What's the difference between "which established" and "that established"?

The key difference lies in whether the clause is essential to the sentence's meaning. Use "which established" when the clause is nonessential and provides additional information. Use "that established" when the clause is essential to defining or identifying the noun it modifies.