which are thus

USAGE SUMMARY

"which are thus" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use this phrase to introduce a fact or outcome that has been previously discussed or established. For example: The fruit in that basket are not edible, which are thus not suitable for making a cake.

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Encyclopedias

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

And proceeds go to Westminster, not councils, which are thus unable to build replacements.

The Guardian - Opinion

Being insulators, the elements of a photonic crystal constrain this propagation, permitting some wavelengths to pass while denying passage to others, which are thus reflected.

The Economist

Population genetics, in other words, is part of the ultimate causal theory of all branches of evolutionary inquiry, which are thus brought together in a united whole.

Encyclopedia Britannica

There are few upwellings in the tropics, which are thus nutrient-poor.Stratification threatens this recycling system by suppressing the vertical movement of water.

The Economist

In oligopoly, a few big firms compete with each other, but not primarily by trying to charge the lowest prices, which are thus usually higher than in a perfectly competitive market.

The Economist

Mitochondria are also special, because they contain their own genes, completely separate from those in the cell nucleus, which are thus transmitted from mother to child in the egg.Some mitochondrial disease is caused by mutations in these genes and is thus also inherited solely from the mother.

The Economist

In this case, the clutch unit appears in a profile of two grooves, or channels, back to back, each capable of embracing the flanges of adjacent beams, which are thus locked together in a continuous sheet, or membrane, of considerable strength.

Encyclopedia Britannica

He created two overarching groups: those with somatic genetic mutations (ie, mutations that have happened in a person's body cells during his lifetime, and which are thus not inherited) and those that, like Dr Beroukhim's, had an unusual number of copies of some sections of their DNA.One surprise was that Dr Sander could draw such clear lines.

The Economist

The fragmentation of large aggregates occurs through the largest pores, which are thus eliminated.

International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

It also generates human languages in general which are thus seen as manifestations of this cosmic articulation.

SEP

Any theory of identity we construct, then, must be constrained by these normative considerations, which are thus obviously prior.

SEP

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "which are thus" to clearly establish a cause-and-effect relationship between a preceding clause and the information that follows. This helps create a logical flow in your writing.

Common error

Avoid using "which are thus" in very simple sentences where the relationship is already obvious. Overusing it can make your writing sound unnecessarily verbose. Opt for simpler conjunctions like "so" or "therefore" in those cases.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which are thus" functions as a conjunctive relative clause, connecting two clauses by indicating a consequence or logical relationship. Ludwig AI confirms its correctness. This construction adds emphasis to the connection between the antecedent and the result.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

81%

News & Media

12%

Encyclopedias

7%

Less common in

Formal & Business

0%

Wiki

0%

Social Media

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "which are thus" is a grammatically sound phrase used to indicate a direct causal relationship between two clauses. As Ludwig AI confirms, it's appropriate for formal writing, particularly in scientific and academic contexts. While frequently used, it’s crucial to avoid overuse in simple sentences where the connection is already obvious. Alternatives like "which are consequently" or "which are therefore" can be used to achieve a similar effect. Remember to use this phrase judiciously to maintain clarity and avoid redundancy.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

which are consequently

This alternative emphasizes the result or effect of a preceding action or state.

which are therefore

This highlights a logical conclusion derived from the previous statement.

which are accordingly

This suggests that the following action is in agreement with or dictated by the prior circumstances.

which are thereby

This implies that something is achieved by means of the previous action or condition.

which are hence

This indicates a direct consequence or logical outcome.

which are subsequently

This shows that the following event happens after and as a result of the previous one.

which are then

This suggests a sequence of events where the second is dependent on the first.

and are therefore

Switches the focus and structure to emphasize the result using "and".

and as a result

This construction is similar but less formal, highlighting a direct outcome.

which in turn

This indicates a chain reaction or a cyclical relationship.

FAQs

How can I use "which are thus" in a sentence?

Use "which are thus" to connect a clause that provides a reason or condition to a clause that expresses the logical consequence. For example: "The samples were not refrigerated, which are thus not suitable for testing."

What are some alternatives to "which are thus"?

You can use alternatives like "which are consequently", "which are therefore", or "which are accordingly" depending on the specific nuance you wish to convey.

Is it redundant to use "thus" after "which are"?

While "thus" can sometimes be implied, using "which are thus" explicitly emphasizes the direct causal relationship between the clauses. It is grammatically correct, and whether it is redundant depends on the context and desired emphasis.

What's the difference between "which are thus" and "which are then"?

"Which are thus" emphasizes a causal relationship, implying a direct result. "Which are then", on the other hand, suggests a sequence or order of events. Using "which are then" implies something happens next, while "which are thus" explains a direct consequence.