which are included

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase 'which are included' is correct and usable in written English.
It is a relative clause, which is used to provide additional information about the noun that it modifies. You can use this phrase when you want to introduce additional detail about something that has already been mentioned. For example: "The library provides a wide range of books, which are included in its membership."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Academia

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

He also forgot our salads, which are included in the price of all entrees.

The New York Times

Slobodkina dabbled in sculpture, textiles and poster design, examples of which are included here.

The New York Times

I wrote for the PIC32 and which are included in the Cornell header file.

Cornell University

In some instances, information gathered beforehand through surveys and correspondence, which are included.

Columbia University

(2 Services for pregnant women which are included in the approved State plan.

Cornell University

She kept the drawings, which are included with the Cowan's lot.

The New York Times - Arts

In Goya's "Caprichos," four examples of which are included, satire tips into nightmare.

The New York Times - Arts

The property has two built-in aviaries, which are included in the sale price.

The New York Times

At first, she dabbled in drawings, a smattering of which are included here.

The New Yorker

Stockholm has a variety of world-class and offbeat museums, many of which are included in the Stockholm Pass Card.

The Guardian - Travel

Favorite motifs were corpulent naked women and scrawny prostitutes, several examples of which are included in the present exhibition.

The New York Times - Arts

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "which are included" to add non-essential information to a sentence. If the information is crucial, consider rewriting the sentence to integrate the detail more directly.

Common error

Avoid using "which" in restrictive clauses where "that" is more appropriate. A restrictive clause (using "that") is essential to the sentence's meaning, while a non-restrictive clause (using "which") adds extra information.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which are included" functions as a non-restrictive relative clause, providing additional, non-essential information about a noun. According to Ludwig AI, this phrase is grammatically correct and suitable for use in written English. Examples from the provided data demonstrate its use in various contexts.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

42%

Science

40%

Academia

11%

Less common in

Wiki

3%

Formal & Business

2%

Encyclopedias

2%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "which are included" is a versatile and grammatically sound phrase used to introduce non-essential information in a sentence. As highlighted by Ludwig AI, it serves to provide supplementary details across various contexts, from news and media to scientific and academic writing. It is essential to use a comma before "which are included" to correctly indicate a non-restrictive clause. To avoid common errors, remember the distinction between "which" and "that" when introducing clauses. Alternative phrases, such as "that are part of" or "which form part of", can also be considered to achieve slightly different nuances in meaning.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

that are included

Uses "that" instead of "which", altering the clause's specificity.

that are part of

Replaces "included" with "part of", emphasizing membership within a group.

that comprise

Employs "comprise" for a more formal tone, indicating the elements that constitute something.

that constitute

Similar to "comprise" but can emphasize the act of forming or composing something.

which form part of

Reorders the phrase to highlight the elements forming a segment of a larger whole.

which are comprised of

Uses passive voice, focusing on the elements being composed of something.

which consist of

Indicates the elements that make up something, often used for lists.

that encompass

Highlights the comprehensive nature of the inclusion.

which fall under

Suggests a hierarchical relationship, where elements are categorized under a specific heading.

which are subsumed by

Implies that elements are integrated into a larger, more encompassing category.

FAQs

How can I use "which are included" in a sentence?

Use "which are included" to introduce non-essential details or examples related to a previously mentioned noun. For example: "The report covers several key areas, "which are included" in the appendix."

What's a good alternative to "which are included"?

Depending on the context, alternatives like "that are part of", "which form part of", or "that comprise" can be suitable replacements for "which are included".

Is it always necessary to use a comma before "which are included"?

Yes, always use a comma before "which are included" when it introduces a non-restrictive clause, as this clause provides additional but not essential information. Omitting the comma can change the sentence's meaning.

What is the difference between "which are included" and "that are included"?

"Which are included" introduces non-restrictive clauses, adding extra information, while "that are included" introduces restrictive clauses, essential to the sentence's meaning. Using "which" implies the information is supplemental, whereas "that" implies it's integral.