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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
were as below
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "were as below" is not correct in standard written English.
It may be intended to indicate that something follows, but it lacks clarity and proper grammatical structure. Example: "The results of the survey were as below: 70% of participants preferred option A."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
4 human-written examples
The optimal levels of multiple factors for the greatest yield stress were as below, aeration time of 30 min, solid concentration of 65 wt%, frother dosage of 0.030 wt% of the air-dried pulverized petroleum coke, aperture size of air distribution plate of 2 5 μm and AOS frother type.
Science
Results of the immunohistochemical examinations were as below: EMA, CAM5.2, and AE1/AE3 were positive.
Science
The main tasks pertaining to the field investigation were as below: 1. Observation of the field-specific conditions of the watersheds.
In cases images were taken using 20× objective, the filter settings were as below: DAPI channel - 100, TRITC channel –2200.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
56 human-written examples
The repertoire is as below, but you're also free to suggest your own favourites.
News & Media
The target sequences are as below: siWWP1, GCAGAGAAATACTGTTTAT; siPin1, GCCATTTGAAGACGCCTCG.
Science
The formula is as below: (odor response-spontaneous response - solvent response - solventus response).
Science
The models developed are as below.
Details of proposed algorithm are as below.
Its network model is as below in Fig. 4.
Therefore, the procedure of DES is as below.
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Replace the phrase "were as below" with grammatically correct alternatives like "are listed below" or "were described below" for improved clarity.
Common error
Don't use "were as below" in formal writing. This phrasing is grammatically incorrect. Always opt for clearer and more standard alternatives to ensure your writing is professional and easily understood.
Source & Trust
80%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "were as below" is intended as a transitional phrase. It aims to signal that subsequent information, such as a list, explanation, or set of details, will follow. Ludwig AI points out this phrase is grammatically incorrect.
Frequent in
Science
82%
News & Media
9%
Wiki
3%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "were as below" is used to introduce subsequent information, such as a list or explanation. However, Ludwig AI indicates it is grammatically incorrect. While it appears in various contexts, primarily in scientific and technical writing, it is advisable to use grammatically correct alternatives like "are listed below" or "were described below" to ensure clarity and professionalism. Choosing clearer alternatives enhances the readability and credibility of your writing, avoiding potential confusion.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
were as follows
Replaces "below" with "follows", providing a grammatically correct alternative to introduce a list or explanation.
are listed below
Uses "are listed" to indicate a list will be presented, offering better grammatical structure.
are detailed below
Emphasizes that details will be provided, maintaining a similar purpose with improved grammar.
are outlined below
Suggests a structured overview is coming, providing a clearer expectation for the reader.
were described below
Indicates that a description has been or will be provided, offering a past tense alternative.
can be found below
Suggests that something is located further down in the text, more direct in its indication.
are presented below
Highlights the act of showing or displaying information, adding a formal tone.
are shown below
Directly indicates that something is visually represented further down.
are explained below
Clarifies that an explanation will be given, providing a specific purpose.
were stated below
Implies that information has been formally declared, adding a sense of authority.
FAQs
What is a grammatically correct alternative to "were as below"?
Alternatives include "were as follows", "are listed below", or "are detailed below".
Is it ever appropriate to use the phrase "were as below"?
While occasionally found in scientific or technical writing, it's generally best to avoid "were as below" in favor of clearer, grammatically correct alternatives to ensure your writing is easily understood.
How can I make my writing sound more professional than using "were as below"?
Use phrases like "are outlined below" or "are presented below" to maintain formality and clarity.
What's the difference between "were as below" and "are listed below"?
"Were as below" is grammatically incorrect, while "are listed below" is a standard and correct way to indicate that a list will follow.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
80%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested