Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
was that of
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase 'was that of' is a correct and usable phrase in written English.
You can use it to indicate a comparison between two or more things. For example, "The complexity of the problem was that of an advanced engineering project."
✓ Grammatically correct
News & Media
Academia
Encyclopedias
Science
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
Their domain was that of incantations.
Encyclopedias
It was that of a believer.
News & Media
The voice was that of the coach.
News & Media
The first was that of Timothy Ray Brown.
News & Media
Histology was that of normal hyaline cartilage.
Academia
One voice was that of Mr. Hanssen.
News & Media
Another wealthy court was that of Macedon.
Encyclopedias
Another revival was that of law.
Encyclopedias
Neither was that of the four dancers.
News & Media
The issue was that of plagiarism.
News & Media
The luckiest discovery was that of two Roman coins.
Academia
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "was that of" to draw a direct comparison or to specify the nature or characteristic of something in a clear and formal way. It's particularly effective when defining roles, qualities, or attributes.
Common error
Avoid using "was that of" in overly casual or informal writing. In such contexts, simpler alternatives like "was" or "involved" often sound more natural and less stilted.
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "was that of" serves as a linking verb phrase that connects a subject to a predicate nominative. It explicitly defines or describes the subject by equating it to the noun phrase that follows, clarifying its nature or role. Ludwig's examples show its use in various contexts, from defining responsibilities to describing characteristics.
Frequent in
News & Media
40%
Academia
27%
Encyclopedias
17%
Less common in
Science
12%
Formal & Business
2%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "was that of" functions as a linking phrase used to define or describe something, particularly in writing. Ludwig AI affirms its grammatical correctness. While its usage is varied across different contexts such as news, academia, and encyclopedias, it is generally considered more formal and precise. Alternatives like "consisted of" or "involved" can be more appropriate for casual communication. It’s important to consider the context to ensure effective use of the phrase.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
consisted of
Replaces "was that of" by focusing on the composition or elements included in something.
comprised of
Similar to 'consisted of', this phrase indicates the components making up a whole.
involved
This suggests that something included or necessitated specific elements or actions.
entailed
Indicates that something necessarily included or involved particular steps or conditions.
amounted to
Highlights the resultant effect or total when something is evaluated or concluded.
equaled
Directly states that two things are of the same value or amount.
represented
Focuses on how something symbolizes or stands for something else.
characterized by
Emphasizes the key attributes or features that define something.
reflected in
Implies that something shows or demonstrates a particular quality or characteristic.
illustrated by
Signifies that something is shown or made clear through a specific example or instance.
FAQs
How can I use "was that of" in a sentence?
Use "was that of" to describe or define something by comparing it to something else, such as, "His primary responsibility "was that of" project manager".
What are some alternatives to "was that of"?
Alternatives include phrases like "consisted of", "comprised of", or simply using "involved" or "included" depending on the context.
Is "was that of" too formal for everyday conversation?
Yes, "was that of" is generally considered formal and is more suitable for written contexts or formal speech. Simpler alternatives are preferred in casual conversation.
Which is correct: "the problem was that of funding" or "the problem was funding"?
Both are grammatically correct, but "the problem was funding" is more concise and generally preferred in most contexts. "The problem "was that of" funding" adds a layer of formality.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested