was characterised with

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "was characterised with" is not correct in standard written English.
The correct expression is "was characterised by." Example: "The project was characterised by innovative design and exceptional teamwork."

⚠ May contain grammatical issues

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

34 human-written examples

Their degree of molecular orientation was characterised with birefringence measurements.

Polymer

Each sample was characterised with three genuine replicates of an ATR-IR spectrum.

Analytica Chimica Acta

The chemical nature of passive layers on surface was characterised with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Electrochimica Acta

The morphology of the films and particles was characterised with scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Surface and Coatings Technology

In contrast, Cannon Hill was characterised with a low number of transgressions representing only 11.6%% of all transgressions.

Urban Rail Transit

The microstructures of the hardfaced coating was characterised with the help of optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Wear

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

26 human-written examples

Sad, deluded Cooper is characterised with such consummate ease that one wonders how much of it is made up.

The Guardian - Books

The external vibrations are characterised with a PSD.

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation

It is characterised with low resistivity < 100 Ωm substratum and depth range of 0 10 m.

International Journal of Geo-Engineering

This area is characterised with the most thermal features in Mt. Sabalan (Fig. 1b).

Geothermal Energy

The station clocks were characterised with a stability of 10(^{-14}) @ 50 min.

Earth, Planets and Space

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Always use "was characterised by" instead of "was characterised with" for grammatically correct writing.

Common error

Avoid using the preposition "with" after "characterised". The correct preposition to use is "by". For example, use "The study was characterised by its innovative approach" instead of "The study was characterised with its innovative approach".

Linguistic Context

The phrase "was characterised with" functions as a passive construction where an attribute or feature is wrongly associated to a subject. While Ludwig shows examples of its use, the predominant and grammatically correct form is "was characterised by".

Expression frequency: Common

Frequent in

Science

100%

Less common in

News & Media

0%

Formal & Business

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, while the phrase "was characterised with" appears in some scientific literature as shown by Ludwig, it's generally considered grammatically incorrect. The correct and preferred form is ""was characterised by"". Using the latter ensures clarity, grammatical accuracy, and aligns with standard writing conventions. Alternatives include "was marked by" and "was defined by", offering versatility in expressing key attributes. Therefore, it is recommended to stick with the established grammatical norms and use "was characterised by" in your written communication.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

was characterized by

Changes the preposition to "by", which is the grammatically correct form.

was marked by

Replaces "characterised" with "marked", indicating a prominent feature.

was defined by

Uses "defined" to suggest that something's essential nature was determined by something else.

was distinguished by

Uses "distinguished" to indicate a unique or notable quality.

featured

A more concise option indicating the presence of a particular attribute.

included

Suggests that something contained or possessed certain elements.

showed

Indicates the manifestation or display of certain characteristics.

exhibited

A more formal synonym for "showed", suggesting a clear display of traits.

possessed

Emphasizes the inherent qualities or attributes of something.

displayed

Similar to "showed" and "exhibited", indicating a visible presentation of qualities.

FAQs

How can I correctly use "was characterised with" in a sentence?

The phrase "was characterised with" is generally considered grammatically incorrect. The correct phrasing is to use "was characterised by". For example, instead of "The experiment was characterised with high precision", you should say "The experiment "was characterised by" high precision".

What are some alternatives to "was characterised with"?

Instead of "was characterised with", you can use phrases like "was marked by", "was defined by", or simply "featured". The best choice depends on the specific context.

Is "was characterised with" ever acceptable in writing?

While you may find examples of "was characterised with", particularly in technical or scientific writing, it's generally considered non-standard. Using the correct form, ""was characterised by"", will ensure clarity and grammatical correctness.

What's the difference between "was characterised with" and ""was characterised by""?

"Was characterised with" is generally considered grammatically incorrect, while ""was characterised by"" is the standard and accepted form. The latter indicates that something possessed or exhibited certain qualities or features.