Advection can refer to either the horizontal or vertical components of the motion.
(a) Horizontal components and (b) vertical components.
There were 900 vertical components for each horizontal point.
We used only vertical components for this analysis.
Contour for vertical components is taken at 10-cm intervals.
I did not include the vertical components in the EOF analysis since the large noises in the vertical components affect the estimated principal components (and eigenvectors) significantly.
Instead, I calculated eigenvectors for the vertical components using the least-squares method, while assuming that the vertical components share the same principal components as the horizontal ones.
Since vertical components are noisier than horizontal components, the noise sigma of the vertical components was tentatively assigned a value three times that of the horizontal components.
Observed (black arrows) and predicted (white arrows) displacements for a horizontal and b vertical components.
We conducted PII using the records of the vertical components of Hi-net.
Horizontal components are indicated by arrows, and vertical components are indicated by color.
