Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
underlying cooperation
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "underlying cooperation" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to a foundational or essential collaboration that supports a larger effort or relationship. Example: "The success of the project was largely due to the underlying cooperation between the two departments."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Alternative expressions(20)
cooperation
tacit cooperation
substantial cooperation
underlying agitation
underlying neurodegeneration
underlying technology
underlying information
underlying recruitment
underlying unemployment
underlying inflation
underlying context
underlying story
underlying stiffness
underlying trend
underlying cause
underlying growth
structural integrity
underlying meaning
underlying claim
deep-seated anxiety
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
5 human-written examples
The underlying cooperation between every pair of tuples is estimated and termed as CoV.
So, remembering either the complete interaction history or the single last action of each partner seem to be ruled out as potential candidates for the memory processes underlying cooperation.
Science
We speculated that the mechanism underlying cooperation with trophy rewards relies on the combination of two forces: 1) changes in expectations (especially male expectations) due to the presence of a unique and displayable reward; and 2) the use of approval by free-riders (especially female free-riders) as a currency of reciprocity.
Science
Moreover, the reciprocal communication underlying cooperation may itself be a therapeutic target.
Science
Although the mechanisms underlying cooperation between DNA methylation and TFs/miRNAs in gene regulation remain unclear, our study helps to not only illuminate the impact of these regulatory factors on mammalian protein evolution but also their intricate interaction within gene regulatory networks.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
55 human-written examples
The mechanism underlying bilateral cooperation in the periodontal-masseteric reflex, however, still remains unclear.
Science
"The generic arrangement with CSE will outline the general principles underlying all cooperation and will provide flexibility to the Service to review existing arrangements and to enter into future more specific arrangements with CSE as the need arises, without the necessity to seek your approval each time.
News & Media
The detailed mechanism underlying such cooperation will be determined in future studies.
Science
We have addressed the mechanisms underlying the cooperation of the ER and IGF1R pathways.
Science
In some systems, the induction of autophagy can enhance apoptotic cell death, although the mechanisms underlying this cooperation are not well understood (Crighton et al, 2007).
Science
While modern evolutionary theory emphasizes natural selection acting on genes and individuals, Wilson sees an important role for selection acting on entire social groups, particularly in the evolution of "prosociality": that complex of behaviors, including altruism and compassion, that underlies human cooperation.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When discussing complex systems or relationships, use "underlying cooperation" to highlight the foundational collaborative efforts that support the overall structure or outcome.
Common error
Avoid using "underlying cooperation" when simpler terms like "cooperation" or "collaboration" suffice. Reserve it for situations where you specifically need to emphasize the foundational or less visible aspects of the cooperative relationship.
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "underlying cooperation" functions as a noun phrase, where the adjective "underlying" modifies the noun "cooperation". According to Ludwig AI, this phrase is correct and usable. It denotes a foundational or essential collaborative effort.
Frequent in
Science
60%
News & Media
40%
Formal & Business
0%
Less common in
Encyclopedias
0%
Wiki
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "underlying cooperation" refers to the foundational and often less visible collaborative efforts that support a larger system or outcome. Grammatically correct and usable, according to Ludwig AI, it emphasizes the essential teamwork enabling success. While suitable for various contexts, it's primarily found in scientific and news sources, making it applicable in both formal and neutral registers. For alternatives, consider phrases like "fundamental cooperation" or "core partnership" depending on the desired nuance.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
fundamental cooperation
Replaces "underlying" with "fundamental", emphasizing the basic and essential nature of the cooperation.
basic cooperation
Similar to "fundamental cooperation", highlighting the essential nature of the collaboration.
core partnership
Shifts from "cooperation" to "partnership", suggesting a more formal and structured collaboration.
essential collaboration
Replaces "cooperation" with "collaboration", which can sometimes imply a more intentional and structured effort.
foundational cooperation
Highlights the role of cooperation as a base or foundation for something else.
latent cooperation
Suggests a cooperation that exists but is not immediately obvious or active.
implicit cooperation
Emphasizes that the cooperation is understood or implied without being directly stated.
unspoken collaboration
Similar to 'implicit cooperation' focusing on an agreement that isn't verbally discussed.
structural cooperation
Highlights the system and architecture of cooperation, often in formal contexts.
deep-seated cooperation
Suggests a long-standing and firmly established cooperation.
FAQs
How can I use "underlying cooperation" in a sentence?
You can use "underlying cooperation" to describe the fundamental collaborative efforts that support a system or relationship. For example: "The project's success hinged on the "underlying cooperation" between the teams."
What are some alternatives to "underlying cooperation"?
Some alternatives include "fundamental cooperation", "basic cooperation", or "core partnership", depending on the specific nuance you want to convey.
Is "underlying cooperation" formal or informal?
"Underlying cooperation" is suitable for both formal and informal contexts, but it is more commonly used in analytical or descriptive writing where you need to emphasize a foundational element.
What's the difference between "cooperation" and "underlying cooperation"?
"Cooperation" refers to the act of working together, while "underlying cooperation" emphasizes that the cooperation is a fundamental, often unseen, basis for something else. It highlights that the "cooperation" is a key factor in supporting a broader outcome.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested