Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
true errors of
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "true errors of" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when discussing genuine mistakes or inaccuracies in a particular context, such as data analysis or research findings. Example: "The study revealed the true errors of the previous calculations, leading to a reevaluation of the results."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
Alternative expressions(3)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
3 human-written examples
We compare the true errors of designed classifiers under the typical i.i.d.i.d
Science
In conjunction with the knowledge of the quadratic convergence rate of the frequencies of free vibration, we can estimate that the true errors of the 360 µm model were estimated at <3.3% [40].
Science
Reassessment of errors by the study team resulted in exclusion of a total of 143 errors which were not considered true errors of the process of prescribing.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
57 human-written examples
These performance metrics include the first, second, and cross moments of the Bayesian MMSE error estimator with the true error of LDA, and therefore, the root-mean-square (RMS) error of the estimator.
Science
The feature-label distribution is known and this allows us to exactly compute the true error of the designed classifier, which is then used to derive the empirical deviation distribution for the different estimators.
Figure 2 shows results with a true error of 10−4 miscalls per base.
Science
Sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, it takes advantage of the ongoing testing conducted by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) to estimate the true error of models that have been applied to make prospective predictions on previously untested, noncongeneric-chemical substances.
It also provides background about the origin and goals of the PTE project, outlines the special challenge associated with estimating the true error of models that aspire to predict open-system behavior, and summarizes what has been learned to date.
This paper provides exact analytical expressions for the first and second moments of the true error for linear discriminant analysis (LDA) when the data are univariate and taken from two stochastic Gaussian processes.
Science
We derive approximate expressions for the first and second moments of the true error rate of the proposed classifier under the assumption of two widely used models for the uncertainty classes: ε-contamination and p-point classes.
Science
Therefore, the errors between parentally reported and measured weight and height in this sample may be underestimates of the true errors, since almost 30% of the parents refused to complete the questionnaire.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When discussing data analysis or research, use "true errors of" to emphasize the presence of genuine inaccuracies that affect the validity of the findings.
Common error
Avoid using "true errors of" in casual conversation or informal writing. This phrase is more appropriate for formal, technical, or scientific contexts where precision and accuracy are crucial.
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "true errors of" serves as a descriptor, highlighting genuine inaccuracies or mistakes within a given system, process, or set of data. It is used to emphasize the authenticity and impact of these errors, as supported by Ludwig.
Frequent in
Science
100%
Less common in
News & Media
0%
Formal & Business
0%
Academia
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "true errors of" is grammatically correct but rare, primarily appearing in scientific contexts. According to Ludwig, it emphasizes genuine inaccuracies, differentiating them from perceived mistakes. It is best suited for formal and technical writing where accuracy is paramount. When seeking alternatives, consider "actual mistakes in" or "genuine inaccuracies in" to convey a similar meaning. Overall, while usable, its formal tone restricts its use to specific contexts.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
actual mistakes in
Replaces "errors" with "mistakes" and "true" with "actual", emphasizing the reality of the errors.
genuine inaccuracies in
Substitutes "errors" with "inaccuracies" and "true" with "genuine", highlighting the lack of precision.
real flaws in
Uses "flaws" instead of "errors" and "real" instead of "true", shifting the focus to inherent defects.
legitimate errors within
Replaces "true" with "legitimate", indicating that the errors are valid and justifiable under certain conditions.
valid mistakes in
Uses "valid" to denote the errors are well-founded and authentic.
precise inaccuracies of
Shifts the focus to the exactness of the inaccuracies, rather than simply their existence.
correct mistakes of
Emphasizes the need to rectify the mistakes of something.
verified errors of
Highlights that the errors have been confirmed or validated.
substantiated inaccuracies of
Indicates that there is evidence to support the inaccuracies.
factual errors in
Focuses specifically on errors related to facts or data.
FAQs
How can I use "true errors of" in a sentence?
You can use "true errors of" to emphasize genuine inaccuracies in a specific context, such as in data analysis or research findings. For example: "The study revealed the true errors of the previous calculations."
What are some alternatives to "true errors of"?
Some alternatives include "actual mistakes in", "genuine inaccuracies in", or "real flaws in", depending on the specific nuance you want to convey.
In what contexts is it best to use "true errors of"?
"True errors of" is best used in formal, technical, or scientific contexts where precision and accuracy are paramount. It is less suitable for casual conversation or informal writing.
What's the difference between "true errors of" and "reported errors of"?
"True errors of" refers to the actual, genuine mistakes, whereas "reported errors of" refers to the errors that have been identified and documented, which may not represent the complete picture. The "true errors of" may be greater than what is reported.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested