For traffic variables, circular buffers with radii of 25, 50, 100, 300, 500, and 1,000 m around each site were calculated.
Another study (Brauer et al. 2003) showed that traffic variables explained 81% of the variability of filter blackness across 41 sites within Munich, Germany, further validating the measure as a marker of traffic particles.
Few studies have quantified relationships between bicyclist exposure to air pollution and roadway and traffic variables.
In all mentioned estimators, extended Kalman filtering method was used to estimate traffic variables.
Factors such as individual characteristics, road geometric design, environmental features, and traffic variables were examined.
Real-time weather and traffic variables, along with geometric characteristics variables were evaluated in the models.
Link cost functions explain the behavior of traffic variables (travel time in particular) over the full range of road traffic conditions (in particular flow rate).
A video analysis procedure is proposed to collect rear-end conflicts and various traffic variables at each signal cycle from the recorded videos.
This instability causes a natural tendency towards spatially inhomogeneous vehicle distributions and less consistent and reproducible relationships between urban traffic variables.
Additionally, the crash data, obtained from Roadway Information Database (RID), contains several geometric and traffic variables that allow for effects of factors and visibility.
The traffic variables include: traffic volume, maximum queue length, shock wave characteristics (e.g. shock wave speed and shock wave area), and the platoon ratio.
