Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
the above item
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "the above item" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to something that has been mentioned or listed earlier in the text. Example: "Please review the above item before making your final decision."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Academia
Alternative expressions(20)
the aforementioned item
the above issue
the above article
the above section
the above paragraph
the above theme
the above themes
the above sections
the above items
the above articles
the said item
the foregoing items
the above materials
the said items
these items
the aforementioned items
the items in question
the specified items
the above subjects
the earlier points
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
12 human-written examples
Note: The above (item c-ii) may be revised in accordance with relevant agreements to be reached in the Multilateral Working Group on Arms Control and Regional Security.
Academia
I order the above item.
News & Media
(iii) The result follows from (2.6) and the above item. .
The result follows from (2.6) and the above item.
(2) It holds by the above item (1).
Read a transcript of the full show which includes the above item.
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
48 human-written examples
It turns out to have swung, on one of the above items, in a different direction entirely.
News & Media
The GRIPS team is confident the above items are the backbones of a very successful PhD experience at the Space Sciences Laboratory.
Although, so many remarkable results in the above items have been obtained recently, no concluding results have so far been finalized.
But MGH/Partners does which would put you inside the MGH firewall to handle all the above items.
Academia
The GL Mass Allocation processes for Endowments and Student Loans are run at month-end as they depend on the above items to be done first.
Academia
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "the above item", ensure the item being referenced is clear and unambiguous to avoid confusion. If there are multiple items, consider using specific identifiers (e.g., "item 3 above") for clarity.
Common error
Avoid using "the above item" when the item being referenced is not immediately clear or easily located. This can force readers to search for the intended reference, disrupting their reading experience.
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "the above item" serves as a referential expression, pointing back to a specific element previously introduced within a text or list. Ludwig confirms its correct usage for referring to prior mentions.
Frequent in
Science
42%
News & Media
25%
Academia
25%
Less common in
Formal & Business
8%
Wiki
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "the above item" is a commonly used and grammatically correct phrase for referencing previously mentioned elements in writing. As confirmed by Ludwig, it helps writers create clarity and coherence across diverse contexts, especially in science, news, and academic materials. It is best to ensure that the item being referred to is clearly defined and accessible to the reader. Alternatives include "the aforementioned item" and "the previously mentioned item".
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
the item above
A simple inversion of the original phrase with no semantic difference.
the aforementioned item
Replaces "above" with a more formal synonym, indicating something previously mentioned.
the earlier item
Simple and direct way to indicate something from earlier.
the preceding item
Highlights that the item immediately precedes the current point.
the previously mentioned item
Specifies that the item was mentioned earlier.
the prior item
Indicates that the item came before.
the foregoing item
Uses a more formal and legalistic term for 'previous'.
the item in question
Emphasizes that the item is currently under discussion.
the specified item
Implies that the item has been specifically identified.
that particular item
Adds emphasis on a specific item.
FAQs
How can I use "the above item" in a sentence?
Use "the above item" to refer to something previously mentioned in the text. For example, "Please review "the above item" for further details".
What are some alternatives to "the above item"?
Alternatives include "the aforementioned item", "the previously mentioned item", or "the item above". Choose the option that best suits the context and formality of your writing.
Is it okay to start a sentence with "the above item"?
While grammatically correct, starting a sentence with "the above item" might sound awkward. Consider rephrasing the sentence to improve flow. For example, instead of saying "The above item is important", you could say "It's important to consider "the aforementioned item"".
What's the difference between "the above item" and "the following item"?
"The above item" refers to something already mentioned, while "the following item" introduces something that will be mentioned next. Therefore, they cannot be used interchangeably.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested