Most people are pretty aware of companies, primarily in technology and telecommunications, that will sustain write-offs.
There are few other industries aside from telecommunications that changed so quickly and produced so much confusion, Mr. Holme said.
Analysts talk of a growing "bifurcation" in credit markets, with bondholders avoiding industries, such as food and telecommunications, that look like potential LBO hunting grounds.
Tricked out with telecommunications that could have serviced all of I.B.M. in 1950, the bourgeois home has become a woman's base of operations.
Other countries, including Russia and some African and Middle Eastern nations, have apparently resisted, favoring a broader definition of telecommunications that could include the Internet.
I suspect there are many significant I.P.O.'s related to the Internet and telecommunications that are holding back to the fall in anticipation of a more robust market.
By then the dot-com bubble was beginning to burst, and with it the boom years of investment in telecommunications that had been driven by a wave of deregulation.
Today, the agents of standardization are not empires but industries, like financial services and telecommunications, that need everyone everywhere to be on the same frequency, so that they can use their products.
