Moreover, in plants and algae, various DNA repair, replication, and recombination proteins targeted to the mitochondrion have plastid-targeted paralogs (Sloan and Taylor 2012), and a significant proportion are targeted to both organelles (Carrie et al. 2009).
The system is targeted to both monophonic singing and singing in polyphonic music.
Most of the organellar amino acyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are dually targeted to both mitochondria and chloroplasts using dual targeting peptides (dTPs).
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Recently, Lazzarotto et al. (2011), characterized a new class of rice putative heme peroxidases, APX-R (APX-related), a dually localized protein, targeted to both chloroplasts and mitochondria, which is functionally associated with APX.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Moneymaker') was transformed with the choline oxidase gene codA from Arthrobacter globiformis, which was modified to allow for targeting to both chloroplasts and the cytosol.
The ovalbumin family of serine protease inhibitors (serpins) provides a unique tool to test this assumption, since individual members can be secreted (ovalbumin), cytosolic (leukocyte elastase inhibitor, LEI), or targeted to both compartments (plasminogen activator inhibitor 2, PAI-2).
